{"id":9872,"date":"2021-11-02T12:36:30","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T11:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.ix-dev.eu\/cold-weather-is-expected-quick-we-should-move-the-cows-inside-true-or-false\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T09:52:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T07:52:02","slug":"cold-weather-is-expected-quick-we-should-move-the-cows-inside-true-or-false","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/cold-weather-is-expected-quick-we-should-move-the-cows-inside-true-or-false\/","title":{"rendered":"Cold weather is expected: Quick! we should move the cows inside! TRUE or FALSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9872\" class=\"elementor elementor-9872 elementor-2637\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-398ca66d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"398ca66d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc6b4d9\" data-id=\"fc6b4d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b9625 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d8b9625\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f3c014d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f3c014d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390b42e elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"390b42e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67b2b248 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67b2b248\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-10620\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45eef086 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45eef086\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dba15d9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dba15d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f833664 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1f833664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-10620\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-15.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f72dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"8f72dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">FALSE<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cows do not feel the cold in the same way that we do.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f1708a3 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f1708a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c980f46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c980f46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KEEP IN MIND<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c5a873 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9c5a873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Capa_1\" height=\"512\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" width=\"512\"><g><path d=\"m433 145.002c-30.169 0-33.105-.005-34.155-.005.51 8.76 1.69 51.785-22.5 71.467-8.183 6.658-22.571 13.271-44.652 6.961-15.398-4.399-22.972-4.292-26.616-3.428-2.8.665-4.144 1.899-7.617 5.372-5.827 5.827-14.633 14.633-33.646 14.633-16.26 0-38.681-8.682-53.158-50.045-6.345-18.127-9.905-40.609-9.833-45.21l-32.26-29.4c2.083-10.762 3.926-29.314-2.333-48.094-3.212-9.634-14.982-13.396-23.208-7.273-.282.21-28.548 21.017-55.022 21.017-3.979 0-7.793 1.581-10.606 4.394l-38.213 38.212-30.725 14.897c-5.172 2.507-8.456 7.749-8.456 13.497v9c0 25.916 21.084 47 47 47h36.504c3.91 4.467 8.625 10.015 11.512 16.642 40.393-12.08 80.984 18.387 80.984 60.363 0 25.924-15.861 49.095-39.833 58.588 2.998 2.925 5.719 5.392 7.833 7.329v89.078c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15h49c8.284 0 15-6.716 15-15v-70.515l4.759-23.795c13.746 2.405 45.473 5.309 70.241 5.309 26.327 0 54.219-3.281 67.742-5.757l10.258 25.646v69.111c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15h49c8.284 0 15-6.716 15-15v-240c0-7.722-1.607-15.074-4.493-21.749 18.396 7.063 31.493 24.903 31.493 45.755v48c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15s15-6.716 15-15v-48c0-43.561-35.439-79-79-79zm-349 11.997c-8.284 0-15-6.716-15-15s6.716-15 15-15 15 6.716 15 15-6.716 15-15 15zm245.81 147.992c-8.284 0-15-6.716-15-15s6.716-15 15-15 15 6.716 15 15c0 8.285-6.716 15-15 15z\"><\/path><path d=\"m146 285.002c0-23.648-24.285-39.658-45.999-30.318 4.397 29.826 11.358 49.97 17.603 63.033.199-.04.393-.093.595-.125 16.11-2.542 27.801-16.247 27.801-32.59z\"><\/path><path d=\"m263.814 210.002c6.587 0 8.06-1.473 12.434-5.847 11.383-11.383 24.819-20.681 63.687-9.576 11.661 3.332 16.024-.208 17.458-1.371 10.553-8.555 12.277-35.448 11.459-47.131-.025-.363-.022-.722-.021-1.08h-137.928c2.488 21.424 13.693 65.005 32.911 65.005z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cattle are able to maintain a constant body temperature within certain limits<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-thermometer-half\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cattle\u2019s thermal comfort zone is between -5\/0\u00b0C and +20\u00b0C <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-sun\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">It is easier for cattle to adapt to cold than warm temperatures<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edc7b18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edc7b18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bad weather is coming&#8230; Quick! Let&#8217;s go inside and get warm. Look at the cows outside in the cold&#8230;<strong> poor things, we should bring them in!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In fact, in general, adult cattle have an <strong>easier time<\/strong> adapting to cold temperatures than to warm ones! Their\u00a0<strong>thermal comfort\u00a0<\/strong>is different from ours.<\/p>\n<p>Like humans, cattle are able <strong>within certain limits<\/strong> to maintain their body temperature constant (~38.5\u00b0C for an adult bovine), regardless of the outside temperature. This is characteristic of <strong>homeothermic\u00a0<\/strong>animals (sometimes improperly<sup title=\"Cette capacit\u00e9 n'est en fait pas li\u00e9e au fait que la temp\u00e9rature corporelle soit \u00e9lev\u00e9e ou non.\"><a id=\"1'\" href=\"#note1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> called, &#8220;warm-blooded&#8221; animals).<\/p>\n<p>As external temperature varies continuously,\u00a0<strong>the animal will have to adapt\u00a0<\/strong>to keep its body temperature constant, notably by <strong>modifying its behavior<\/strong> (moving to a shelter, increasing its physical activity, adapting its water intake, modifying its posture and body-ground contact zones, etc.) or its heat production (modulating its metabolism). If the temperature remains within certain limits, adaptation is normal and the<strong> animal&#8217;s welfare is not affected.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The temperatures associated with those limits depend on <strong>the species, breed, age, weight, physiological stage or production level&#8230;.<\/strong> In addition, the temperature perceived by the animal also depends on <strong>humidity and wind speed<\/strong><a href=\"#note2\"><sup id=\"2'\" title=\"C\u2019est pour cela qu\u2019on pr\u00e9f\u00e8re utiliser l\u2019index temp\u00e9rature \u2013 humidit\u00e9 (= THI) pour \u00e9valuer les conditions \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019un stress thermique chez les bovins.\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>. For example, since cows&#8217; hair is <strong>not water-repellent<\/strong>, they are particularly sensitive to <strong>cold and damp<\/strong>. Thus, outside in winter, cows will be <strong>much more affected in the snow<\/strong> than in dry weather conditions. It is therefore difficult to set limits that are valid for all animals in all situations.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Different temperature ranges must be distinguished:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>thermal comfort\u00a0<\/strong>zone is the temperature range where the animal can keep its body temperature <strong>constant<\/strong> with very little behavioral or physical effort.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>thermal neutrality\u00a0<\/strong>zone, within which the animal&#8217;s heat production and energy expenditure to adapt to the outside temperature are <strong>minimal<\/strong>. The animal maintains its body temperature by modifying its behavior, without needing to profoundly modify its heat production. It is delimited by\u00a0<strong>critical temperatures\u00a0<\/strong>(minimum and maximum).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beyond critical temperatures<\/strong>, an animal&#8217;s capacity to adapt is <strong>exceeded<\/strong> and the consequences on its behavior, health and production are many. Eventually, the animal will no longer be able to regulate its body temperature and will find itself in<strong> hyper- or hypothermia<\/strong>, which can lead to its <strong>death.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7928e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7928e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35bade7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"35bade7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-1-1536x549-1-1280x458.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9944\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-1-1536x549-1-1280x458.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-1-1536x549-1-500x179.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-1-1536x549-1-768x275.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-1-1536x549-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89176c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c89176c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7858fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c7858fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to scientific literature, the minimum critical temperature of an adult bovine is<strong> -13\u00b0C<\/strong> if the weather is calm and<strong> -25\u00b0C<\/strong> for cows at peak milk production&#8230; <strong>so you are likely to get cold long before cows!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Conversely, maximum critical temperature is <strong>25\u00b0C<\/strong> if air humidity is about <strong>50%<\/strong><a title=\"Plus l\u2019humidit\u00e9 de l\u2019air sera importante, plus la temp\u00e9rature critique maximale sera basse.\" href=\"#note3\"><sup id=\"3'\">[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Production level also plays a role: the more a cow produces, <strong>the faster it will be affected<\/strong> by a temperature increase.\u00a0<strong>Heat stress\u00a0<\/strong>due to excessive heat is <strong>very important<\/strong> in lactating cows with <strong>a decrease in milk production, feed intake, lying time and fertility.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The thermal neutrality zone<\/strong> of an adult bovine therefore corresponds approximately to temperatures <strong>between -10\u00b0C and +25\u00b0C<\/strong> while its thermal comfort zone corresponds to temperatures between <strong>-5\/0\u00b0C and +20\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These temperature ranges are important to keep in mind: within these, <strong>there is no need to worry<\/strong> about the animal; outside these ranges, <strong>actions<\/strong> must be taken to ensure its welfare.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, these ranges are <strong>different for each species:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ae04336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1ae04336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-155245e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"155245e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTk0NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2NoYWlyZS1iZWEudmV0YWdyby1zdXAuZnJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjFcLzExXC9uZXV0cmFsaXRlLXRoZXJtaXF1ZS0yLTE1MzZ4OTIxLTEucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1-1280x768.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9946\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1-1280x768.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1-500x300.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/neutralite-thermique-2-1536x921-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322e0ee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"322e0ee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b0cd7a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b0cd7a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54971895 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54971895\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff1f79 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ff1f79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74b49fa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"74b49fa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Conclusion!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>In short, if you are too hot, it is very likely that cows are too! However, if you get too hot, it is very likely that the cows will too!!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c5f795 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"18c5f795\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15e93125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15e93125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">For further details<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7a66a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d7a66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237021569_Maitriser_le_stress_thermique_chez_la_vache_laitiere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/237021569_Maitriser_le_stress_thermique_chez_la_vache_laitiere<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>EFSA 2009 Effects of farming systems on dairy cow welfare and disease, Report of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare<\/p>\n\n<p>These images were partly designed using Freepik.com resources<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63ae9b18 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63ae9b18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5dd9c2 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"7c5dd9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">References<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2081\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"note1\"><a href=\"#1'\"><sup>[1]<\/sup>\u00a0<\/a>This ability is actually unrelated to high body temperature.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"note2\"><a href=\"#2'\"><sup>[2]<\/sup>\u00a0<\/a>For this reason, the temperature-humidity index (= THI) is preferred for assessing heat stress conditions in cattle.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p id=\"note3\"><a href=\"#3'\"><sup>[3]<\/sup>\u00a0<\/a>The higher the humidity, the lower the maximum critical temperature.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-796f3276 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"796f3276\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c689c7a elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2c689c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4d69ac elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f4d69ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e360d6c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e360d6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/21-11-Cold-weather-is-expected-Quick-we-should-move-the-cows-inside-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">download  pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb26516 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb26516\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d9b8c9 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"25d9b8c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Capa_1\" height=\"512\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" width=\"512\"><g><path d=\"m433 145.002c-30.169 0-33.105-.005-34.155-.005.51 8.76 1.69 51.785-22.5 71.467-8.183 6.658-22.571 13.271-44.652 6.961-15.398-4.399-22.972-4.292-26.616-3.428-2.8.665-4.144 1.899-7.617 5.372-5.827 5.827-14.633 14.633-33.646 14.633-16.26 0-38.681-8.682-53.158-50.045-6.345-18.127-9.905-40.609-9.833-45.21l-32.26-29.4c2.083-10.762 3.926-29.314-2.333-48.094-3.212-9.634-14.982-13.396-23.208-7.273-.282.21-28.548 21.017-55.022 21.017-3.979 0-7.793 1.581-10.606 4.394l-38.213 38.212-30.725 14.897c-5.172 2.507-8.456 7.749-8.456 13.497v9c0 25.916 21.084 47 47 47h36.504c3.91 4.467 8.625 10.015 11.512 16.642 40.393-12.08 80.984 18.387 80.984 60.363 0 25.924-15.861 49.095-39.833 58.588 2.998 2.925 5.719 5.392 7.833 7.329v89.078c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15h49c8.284 0 15-6.716 15-15v-70.515l4.759-23.795c13.746 2.405 45.473 5.309 70.241 5.309 26.327 0 54.219-3.281 67.742-5.757l10.258 25.646v69.111c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15h49c8.284 0 15-6.716 15-15v-240c0-7.722-1.607-15.074-4.493-21.749 18.396 7.063 31.493 24.903 31.493 45.755v48c0 8.284 6.716 15 15 15s15-6.716 15-15v-48c0-43.561-35.439-79-79-79zm-349 11.997c-8.284 0-15-6.716-15-15s6.716-15 15-15 15 6.716 15 15-6.716 15-15 15zm245.81 147.992c-8.284 0-15-6.716-15-15s6.716-15 15-15 15 6.716 15 15c0 8.285-6.716 15-15 15z\"><\/path><path d=\"m146 285.002c0-23.648-24.285-39.658-45.999-30.318 4.397 29.826 11.358 49.97 17.603 63.033.199-.04.393-.093.595-.125 16.11-2.542 27.801-16.247 27.801-32.59z\"><\/path><path d=\"m263.814 210.002c6.587 0 8.06-1.473 12.434-5.847 11.383-11.383 24.819-20.681 63.687-9.576 11.661 3.332 16.024-.208 17.458-1.371 10.553-8.555 12.277-35.448 11.459-47.131-.025-.363-.022-.722-.021-1.08h-137.928c2.488 21.424 13.693 65.005 32.911 65.005z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cattle are able to maintain a constant body temperature within certain limits<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-thermometer-half\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cattle\u2019s thermal comfort zone is between -5\/0\u00b0C and +20\u00b0C <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-sun\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">It is easier for cattle to adapt to cold than warm temperatures<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53243af elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"53243af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54b106ba elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54b106ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KEY FIGURE<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-602f4db8 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"602f4db8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">-13\u00b0C<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2136245e elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2136245e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Critical temperature<\/strong> below which cattle <strong>may die<\/strong> (in calm weather)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6e977 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c6e977\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5891a1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d5891a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"127\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/guillements-vert-debut.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5923\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29a39edb elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29a39edb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Outside in winter, cows will be much more affected in the snow than in dry weather conditions<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f08f080 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f08f080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/guillements-vert-fin.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5925\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dbec712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5dbec712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ef8a3d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32ef8a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27d91524 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"27d91524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48dc44a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48dc44a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-495e7f67 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"495e7f67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-12309 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-one-welfare-en media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/hedgerows-are-essential-for-the-welfare-of-free-range-animals-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cows_in_the_meadow-scaled-e1668089609849.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4124\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">One welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/hedgerows-are-essential-for-the-welfare-of-free-range-animals-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tHedgerows are essential for the welfare of free-range animals, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-12078 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-farming-101 themes-one-welfare-en media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-24006\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tGrazing animals are necessarily happy, TRUE OR FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17726 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-animaux-delevage tag-bovins-en tag-eleveurs-en tag-farm-animals tag-ruminants-en tag-sensibility themes-farm-animals especes-cows media-infographics-en\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/species-sheet-all-about-dairy-cows\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-18108\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-fiche-espece-vache-laitiere.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/species-sheet-all-about-dairy-cows\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecies sheet \u2013 All about dairy cows!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you think a cow gets cold outside in winter? We answer!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[50,302,304,289,290,303,305,301],"themes":[282],"especes":[296],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-9872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-animaux-delevage","tag-bovins-en","tag-chevaux-en","tag-farm-animals","tag-pigs","tag-ruminants-en","tag-stress-thermique-en","tag-volailles-en","themes-farm-animals","especes-cows","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9872"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30302,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9872\/revisions\/30302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9872"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=9872"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=9872"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=9872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}