{"id":9740,"date":"2022-05-06T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.ix-dev.eu\/welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-true-or-false\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T10:14:35","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:14:35","slug":"welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-true-or-false","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-true-or-false\/","title":{"rendered":"Welfare is common to all animals, TRUE or FALSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9740\" class=\"elementor elementor-9740 elementor-3401\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c50dd79 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c50dd79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739b5069 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"739b5069\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30492847 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30492847\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ed23a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"14ed23a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-11174\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff5f9dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ff5f9dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322744ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"322744ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d0eec9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"50d0eec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-11174\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc60ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"7cc60ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">TRUE and FALSE...<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Let us explain why!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3990e7c9 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3990e7c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e84433b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e84433b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f32a7a2 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"f32a7a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The general definition of animal welfare and the main principles of evaluation are the same for all animals<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Depending on the species, sensory capacities and physiological\/behavioral needs are different<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"animalset2 animalset2cow\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The perception of the situation remains individual! Each animal has its own expectations and experiences<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e4f64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"50e4f64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53a79e75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53a79e75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The definition of welfare and the principles for assessing it are the same for all species and\/or animals<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8558c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8558c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10019a2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10019a2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4146f78c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4146f78c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1-1280x854.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10953\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1-1280x854.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1-500x333.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1-1536x1025.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/porc-conscience-2048x1366-1.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd61fbf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cd61fbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d3c0e65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d3c0e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Scientific studies show that many species, from invertebrates to vertebrates, are endowed with <strong>consciousness<\/strong><sup id=\"1'\"><a href=\"#1\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and that at least vertebrates and fish are capable of feeling emotions<sup id=\"2'\"><a href=\"#2\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-696bf3f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"696bf3f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Animals capable of feeling emotions and having representational abilities can experience a state of\u00a0<strong>welfare\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>unhappiness<\/strong>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal_eng\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>definition of welfare<\/strong><\/a>, as proposed by the Anses<sup id=\"3'\"><a href=\"#3\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<strong>can therefore be applied to all animals (vertebrates and fish)<\/strong>,\u00a0without distinction according to species.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1b75bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a1b75bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8965350 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8965350\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e108b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e108b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\u00a0<strong>operational definitions\u00a0<\/strong>used to evaluate it concretely in the field are therefore also the same.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/5libertes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The 5 freedoms<\/a>, or the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.welfarequality.net\/en-us\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Welfare Quality\u00ae<\/a>\u00a0principles, can be used for breeding pigs, sows, chickens &#8230; and even domestic carnivores. Thus, the absence of thirst or discomfort for example\u00a0<strong>must be satisfied\u00a0<\/strong>for cats at home as well as elephants in the savanna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4fa41c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4fa41c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f2a742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f2a742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/savane.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10958\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/savane.png 1033w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/savane-500x278.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/savane-768x427.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1c42dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1c42dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In checking if these principles are met, it is better to use animal-based indicators to assess animal welfare!!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bd0ea30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bd0ea30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb95f3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb95f3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a20b568 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a20b568\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38971136 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"38971136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">In short!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The main principles of welfare are therefore the same for all animals<\/strong>. However, if we look a little more in detail, some aspects are specific to each species, or even to each animal.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73fdef6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"73fdef6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11eb6f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11eb6f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The sensory capacities, physiological and behavioral needs as well as the indicators used are species-specific<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39298514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39298514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The welfare of animals depends on their\u00a0<strong>representation of\u00a0<\/strong>the situation they are experiencing. This is true for all animals&#8230; This representation depends in part on their sensory capacities: which stimuli do they perceive and in what way? However,\u00a0<strong>depending on the species, sensory capacities are different<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Thus, taking a well-known example, if we compare the sight of a pig to that of a hen,\u00a0<strong>the pig\u00a0<\/strong>has a blind zone of 30\u00b0 behind and a 50\u00b0 binocular zone where it can perceive reliefs well. For<strong>\u00a0hens,\u00a0<\/strong>the blind zone is 30\u00b0 and the binocular zone is 30\u00b0. These two species do not perceive the world around them in the same way and their welfare will not be impacted in the same way depending on the stimuli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-560fa1c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"560fa1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470b26b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"470b26b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73eeae1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"73eeae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule-.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"vision-poule-\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1NjcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wNVwvdmlzaW9uLXBvdWxlLS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule--1086x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11567\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule--1086x1024.png 1086w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule--500x471.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule--768x724.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-poule-.png 1279w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1916863 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1916863\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9f74a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d9f74a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"vision-cochon-quae\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1NjksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wNVwvdmlzaW9uLWNvY2hvbi1xdWFlLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae-1086x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11569\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae-1086x1024.png 1086w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae-500x472.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae-768x724.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vision-cochon-quae.png 1143w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb493a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb493a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-572f296 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"572f296\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e217043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e217043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Moreover,\u00a0<strong>each species has specific physiological or behavioral needs<\/strong>. Thus, the thermal comfort of cattle or pigs or polar bears is not the same. A cow does not have the same need for perching as a chicken&#8230; and a Neapolitan Mastiff does not have the same food needs as a Persian cat. Welfare depends on the satisfaction of these needs, which is specific to each species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d11b8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d11b8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d9364d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d9364d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-banquise-01.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10973\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-banquise-01.png 1023w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-banquise-01-500x318.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-banquise-01-768x489.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7023605 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7023605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-perchee-768x757-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10975\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-perchee-768x757-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vache-perchee-768x757-1-500x493.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b483f27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b483f27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The risks which may cause a degradation of welfare will therefore also be species-specific<\/strong>. The risks of bedding discomfort for a horse will not be the same as for a duck, even if bedding comfort will be important for both.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Consequently, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/infographie-les-indicateurs-du-bien-etre-animal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>indicators used to assess welfare<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0are not the same\u00a0<\/strong>for different species. For example, indicators for behavioral expression will differ between pigs (e.g., rooting behavior) and poultry (e.g., perching behavior). And while the same indicator may be used for different species, it will not be measured in the same way. For example,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/mooc-welfare-quality-nec\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">body condition scoring<\/a><a href=\"#4\"><sup id=\"4'\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><sup id=\"4'\"><\/sup>\u00a0may be used to assess feeding condition in cattle or pigs&#8230; but because of the morphological differences between the two species,\u00a0<strong>it will not be measured using the same criteria<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8046429 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8046429\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6e26c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a6e26c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e032b0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3e032b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610004b elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"610004b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">In short!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sensory capacities and the needs to be satisfied\u00a0<strong>are species-specific<\/strong>, so are the risks that can lead to a degradation of welfare. This implies the use of species-specific\u00a0<strong>indicators to assess\u00a0<\/strong>the welfare of an animal.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4079b31d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4079b31d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e87b67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64e87b67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welfare is individual!<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1986e938 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1986e938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sensory abilities\u00a0<\/strong>have a common basis within the same animal species&#8230; but\u00a0<strong>can still vary from one individual to another<\/strong>. For example, some individuals with better visual acuity will distinguish certain stimuli better, which may impact their welfare.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65dea6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65dea6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap4-Fig10_3-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11571\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap4-Fig10_3-1.png 810w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap4-Fig10_3-1-500x231.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap4-Fig10_3-1-768x356.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3af7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3af7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once the stimulus is perceived by the animal,\u00a0<strong>the representation it makes of it depends on many factors that are specific to it, such as its experience, its temperament&#8230;\u00a0<\/strong>When approaching a human, two animals of the same species may have different representations: one may have a negative representation and behave shyly (having had former negative experiences with humans) while the other may have a positive representation, provided it had a positive previous experience.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa72c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fa72c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bonne-RHA-VS-mauvaise-1280x460.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10983\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bonne-RHA-VS-mauvaise-1280x460.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bonne-RHA-VS-mauvaise-500x180.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bonne-RHA-VS-mauvaise-768x276.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bonne-RHA-VS-mauvaise.png 1510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58097d35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58097d35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The representation of each situation is therefore specific to each individual&#8230;\u00a0and welfare is individual!\u00a0<\/strong>This is why\u00a0it is <strong>preferable to speak of the &#8220;<em>welfare of animals<\/em>&#8220;<\/strong> rather than &#8220;animal welfare&#8221; \u2013 which suggests that it is the same for all animals<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a743190 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a743190\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bien-etre-des-animaux-768x402-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11573\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bien-etre-des-animaux-768x402-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bien-etre-des-animaux-768x402-1-500x262.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-697f4694 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"697f4694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However,\u00a0<strong>in the presence of many animals<\/strong>, as in breeding, the improvements must concern the greatest number and it is\u00a0<strong>rare to be able to individualize\u00a0<\/strong>welfare for each individual. For this reason, welfare must be assessed\u00a0<strong>on a large number of individuals representing the diversity of the herd<\/strong>. Sampling is important to get a sense of a herd\u2019s\u00a0<strong>&#8220;average&#8221; welfare\u00a0<\/strong>status.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a633d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"47a633d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap1-Fig4-ok_Plan-de-travail-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11575\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap1-Fig4-ok_Plan-de-travail-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chap1-Fig4-ok_Plan-de-travail-1-500x398.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cfb266e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1cfb266e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459ee637 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"459ee637\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In conclusion:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c33982a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c33982a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/schema-final.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"schema-final\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE1NzcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wNVwvc2NoZW1hLWZpbmFsLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"831\" height=\"743\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/schema-final.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-11577\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/schema-final.png 831w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/schema-final-500x447.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/schema-final-768x687.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 831px) 100vw, 831px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254b81e0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"254b81e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464735b5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"464735b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1171\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1171\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">References<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1171\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1171\"><p><sup id=\"1\"><a href=\"#1'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#1'\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Pierre Le Neindre, Emilie Bernard, Alain Boissy, Xavier Boivin, Ludovic Calandreau, et al.\u00a0Animal consciousness. Summary of the collective scientific expertise. Summary. [Research report] INRA. 2017, 8 p. hal-01736383<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"2\"><a href=\"#2'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#2'\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Generalization is impossible for invertebrates for lack of scientific data, even if was is shown that some of them (like the cuttlefish) feel emotions (https:\/\/anr.fr\/Projet-ANR-18-CE02-0022).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"3\"><a href=\"#3'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#3'\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/fr\/content\/l\u2019anses-propose-une-d\u00e9finition-du-bien-\u00eatre-animal-et-d\u00e9finit-le-socle-de-ses-travaux-de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/fr\/content\/l\u2019anses-propose-une-d\u00e9finition-du-bien-\u00eatre-animal-et-d\u00e9finit-le-socle-de-ses-travaux-de <\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"4\"><a href=\"#4'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#4'\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Which allows to evaluate the fattening state of an animal<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11f3a92a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11f3a92a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5864613c elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5864613c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d322a8 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2d322a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/22-05-Welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">download  pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81d332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e81d332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328c61e0 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"328c61e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-book\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The general definition of animal welfare and the main principles of evaluation are the same for all animals<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-eye\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Depending on the species, sensory capacities and physiological\/behavioral needs are different<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"animalset2 animalset2cow\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The perception of the situation remains individual! Each animal has its own expectations and experiences<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c81aa00 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2c81aa00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0a82ca elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f0a82ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-398088b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"398088b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3040d8d2 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"3040d8d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-12078 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-farming-101 themes-one-welfare-en media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-24006\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tGrazing animals are necessarily happy, TRUE OR FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9669 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-animal-welfare themes-farming-101 media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-better-in-smaller-farms-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-500x493.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-29272\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-500x493.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-1038x1024.png 1038w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-768x758.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG.png 1104w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Animal welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-better-in-smaller-farms-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tWelfare is better in smaller farms! TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17827 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-5-freedoms tag-bientraitance-en tag-definitions-en tag-sensibility themes-animal-welfare media-articles-en\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/defining-animal-welfare\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-17981\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Animal welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/defining-animal-welfare\/\">\n\t\t\t\tDefining animal welfare\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you think welfare is common to all animals? We answer!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11174,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"themes":[308],"especes":[],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-9740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","themes-animal-welfare","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9740"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30388,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9740\/revisions\/30388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9740"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=9740"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=9740"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=9740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}