{"id":41448,"date":"2025-04-10T10:00:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T08:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/horses-and-cows-in-the-same-pasture-does-it-make-sense\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T11:14:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T10:14:27","slug":"horses-and-cows-in-the-same-pasture-does-it-make-sense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/horses-and-cows-in-the-same-pasture-does-it-make-sense\/","title":{"rendered":"Horses and cows in the same pasture: does it make sense?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"41448\" class=\"elementor elementor-41448 elementor-36358\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4a6a4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a4a6a4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65edd920 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65edd920\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c2f740 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68c2f740\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4b28bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d4b28bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-260x260.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-41450\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fd6ad8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48fd6ad8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-527b6b27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"527b6b27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-748c2873 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"748c2873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-260x260.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-41450\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Couverture-paturage-mixte_ENG.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e2a826d elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"6e2a826d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">IT DOES!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>In many ways, grass, cattle, and horses go hand in hand! <\/strong>In many ways, cattle and horses are a perfect match when it comes to grazing! Not only do cows and horses graze differently, but they also don't pick the same plant species. This diet complementarity has benefits for them as well as for the environment, particularly in terms of biodiversity and the use of antiparasitic treatments. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal management of mixed equine-cattle grazing.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-724ec10a elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"724ec10a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c501e8 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"32c501e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/25-04-Horses-and-cows-in-the-same-pasture.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" download=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">download pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1508a7c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1508a7c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11dfc9aa elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"11dfc9aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-seedling\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The feed choices of grazing cattle and horses are complementary. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Mixed grazing can promote: grass utilization, biodiversity of flora and fauna, dilution of parasite load, and human-animal interactions.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Grazing helps to limit: the purchase of feed, the work involved in maintaining pastures, the administration of dewormers, and antibiotic resistance.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d1fa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93d1fa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d7ac07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d7ac07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The French livestock population numbers approximately 17 million cattle<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> and<strong> 1 million equines<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>. Both these large herbivores play an important role in maintaining grasslands. In grassland regions, it is not uncommon to see them grazing together <strong>in the same paddock: this is known as mixed grazing<\/strong>. What are the benefits of such a combination for cattle and equines? What are the impacts on local flora and fauna?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f2f905 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f2f905\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c70530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c70530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Paturage en chiffres_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NTYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvUGF0dXJhZ2UtZW4tY2hpZmZyZXNfRU5HLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41456\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG.png 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG-500x203.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG-1280x520.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Paturage-en-chiffres_ENG-1536x624.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">According to <a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[3], <a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[4],<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[5], <a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46aef97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"46aef97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref110\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce61d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce61d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About grazing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3e01f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3e01f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A few reminders about grazing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c85d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"25c85d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c516e05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c516e05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The floral composition of meadows<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed63242 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed63242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In France, the specific floral diversity of permanent grassland, including all plants,<strong> varies between 10 and 40 different species<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>Three main families of plant species are present in grasslands<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> :<\/p><ul><li><strong>Grasses (or Poaceae)<\/strong>: the basis of the grassland vegetation cover. Grasses account for 3\/4 of the plant species in permanent grasslands<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>. They are monocotyledons (monocots), and provide animals with dry matter and energy.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Legumes (or Fabaceae)<\/strong>: they fix atmospheric nitrogen and transform it into organic nitrogen usable by nearby plants, hence the name &#8220;Green manures&#8221;. They are dicotyledons (dicots). Legumes are an important source of plant protein (nitrogenous matter) for animals. Because they are more heat-resistant than grasses and grow quickly, legumes can become dominant in cases of overgrazing or drought.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Forbs:<\/strong> these are neither grasses nor legumes, although most are dicots. Some are wrongly called &#8220;weeds.&#8221; Forbs are an important source of minerals and vitamins and are particularly more drought-resistant than grasses.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55be15b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55be15b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f023b68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f023b68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvRXNwZWNlcy12ZWdldGFsZXNfRU5HLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41458\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG-500x161.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG-1280x413.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG-768x248.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Especes-vegetales_ENG-1536x495.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6035d59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6035d59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd223fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd223fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The impact of herbivores on the floral diversity of grasslands <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a53975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a53975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During grazing, herbivores act on vegetation through several mechanisms:<\/p><ul><li><strong>The expression of food preferences:<\/strong> herbivores pick plants in a more or less selective way, thus creating openings in the environment, conducive to the proliferation of other plants, less competitive for light or nutrients;<\/li><li><strong>The dispersal of certain plants\u2019 seeds<\/strong>, via their hairs, hooves or excrement;<\/li><li><strong>Soil trampling<\/strong>;<\/li><li><strong>The supply of nutrients<\/strong>, via the spreading of urine and feces, which contribute to plant growth.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90ee543 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"90ee543\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Impacts herbivores_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NjAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvSW1wYWN0cy1oZXJiaXZvcmVzX0VORy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG-1280x239.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-41460\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG-1280x239.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG-500x93.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG-768x144.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG-1536x287.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Impacts-herbivores_ENG.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edeeb43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edeeb43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All of these factors create contrasting environmental conditions that allow for greater coexistence of plant species in grazed plots compared with ungrazed plots. Indeed, in ungrazed meadows, <strong>homogeneous fertilization and mowing<\/strong> \u2013 which consists of cutting all the species present indiscriminately \u2013 <strong>tend to homogenize the plant cover<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05380b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c05380b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Feeding behavior<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74e159f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74e159f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Two herbivores with different feeding behaviors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c17cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8c17cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Cattle and horses have a similar diet: they are herbivores with a strong preference for grasses<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a>. But while they have much in common, they are distinguished by their digestive systems. The first differences can be seen in their mouth\u2019s anatomy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af1a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"1af1a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1115\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb40566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb40566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oral anatomy and its impact on vegetation cover structure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f55c097 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f55c097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although both species are herbivores, horses and cattle <strong>do not have the same anatomical \u2018equipment\u2019 for grasping<\/strong> standing grass.<\/p><p>The horse has incisors on both jaws, which allows it to graze close to the ground, cutting the grass very near the ground (1 to 2 cm)<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>. It therefore prefers to graze <strong>in short areas<\/strong> where it keeps the grass at an early stage of development (high nutritional value) and avoids tall areas, known as &#8220;<strong>refusal zones<\/strong>\u201d, where it concentrates its droppings.<\/p><p>The cow, on the other hand, lacks incisors in its upper jaw. Instead, its gums are more prominent, forming what is called the dental pad. To cut grass, the cow therefore uses its tongue to grasp a clump of grass, which it pinches between its lower incisors and the dental pad. This grasping technique <strong>does not allow cattle to exploit young, short grass<\/strong>, which they are unable to seize. They prefer <strong>intermediate to tall sward heights<\/strong>, which they cut at 5 cm or more<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39958b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39958b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dd7336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0dd7336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Anatomie et impact_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvQW5hdG9taWUtZXQtaW1wYWN0X0VORy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2801\" height=\"849\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41462\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG.png 2801w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG-500x152.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG-1280x388.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG-768x233.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG-1536x466.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anatomie-et-impact_ENG-2048x621.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2801px) 100vw, 2801px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e40389d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e40389d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1617\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4d5c93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a4d5c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a087db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a087db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digestive physiology and its impact on plant species selection <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb1394 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb1394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although cows have fewer teeth than horses, they do have more\u2026 \u201cstomachs\u201d! This anatomical specificity induces a <strong>different digestive process, which impacts the consumption of grassland species<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Cattle are polygastric animals, meaning their stomach (the abomasum) is preceded by three pre-stomachs (the rumen, the reticulum, and the omasum). During grazing, the cow swallows the ingested grass quickly and chews it very little: the grass thus reaches the rumen in the form of long strands.<\/p><p>During breaks from feeding, the cow, usually lying down, begins its rumination process. The food bolus is then regurgitated, returning from the rumen to the oral cavity, where it is mixed with a large amount of saliva and thoroughly chewed to reduce particle size and make it more digestible. Back in the rumen, the increasingly smaller strands of grass begin to be digested by the microorganisms of the gut flora through fermentation. This process is repeated as many times as necessary. <strong>Every day, a cow spends 8 hours eating and 8 hours ruminating!<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>When it is sufficiently crushed, grass then continue its journey into the next compartments. In total, it takes <strong>one blade of grass<\/strong> <strong>between two and three days to be entirely digested!<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f240df elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2f240df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG-1280x617.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-41464\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG-1280x617.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG-500x241.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG-768x370.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG-1536x741.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Systeme-digestif_ENG.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5dead elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3d5dead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83f5314 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83f5314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65e251 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f65e251\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3adc14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3adc14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-993b297 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"993b297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b324e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"6b324e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock farming, 62% are attributed to cattle. This is due to their total biomass, which is significantly greater than that of other livestock, and also to their specific digestive process, which results in methane emissions (through rumination). However, grasslands help to partially offset these GHG emissions by contributing to carbon sequestration. This is especially true for grazed grasslands.   <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>To find out more, see our dedicated article: <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grasslands-help-offset-part-of-cows-greenhouse-gas-emissions\/\">Grasslands help offset part of cows\u2019 greenhouse gas emissions, TRUE or FALSE?<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974420f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"974420f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1819\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fa7204 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fa7204\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Though it may look constraining, this digestive process offers several advantages. Firstly, the longer the forage particles stay in the digestive system, the more efficient the digestion of grass. Secondly, the <strong>rumination process reduces the risk of poisoning<\/strong>, notably by allowing the detoxification of secondary metabolites that may be present in legumes and flowering plants, such as tannins<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a>. <strong>This allows cattle to consume a wide range of plant species, resulting in a fairly homogenous use of the vegetation cover.<\/strong><\/p><p>The horse, however, <strong>is not a ruminant<\/strong>. It has a single, small stomach that constantly produces acidic gastric secretions. This means that <strong>it must continuously ingest small amounts of forage<\/strong>. In natural conditions, <strong>the horse spends an average of 15 hours a day feeding<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84ac550 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84ac550\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aefa866 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aefa866\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6d9539 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6d9539\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b01a78 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b01a78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-968ac1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"968ac1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The volume of a horse's stomach varies between 15 and 18 L, whereas a cow's rumen alone can reach 200 L!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af33bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"af33bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref2024\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb1236d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb1236d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Due to the absence of a rumen, <strong>the horse&#8217;s digestive efficiency is lower than that of the cow.<\/strong> The horse compensates for this with a<strong> high feed intake:<\/strong> the amount of grass ingested by grazing horses is estimated <strong>to be 63% higher than that of cattle<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Thanks to this ability to eat more, horses ultimately absorb more nutrients from forage than cattle!<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>At the same stocking rate<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a>, <strong>horses ensure a more drastic cutting of vegetation, allowing open environments to be better maintained than with cattle.<\/strong><\/p><p>However, because horses have no rumen, they are unable to detoxify the secondary metabolites found in many dicots. As a result, <strong>horses are more selective than cattle:<\/strong> they tend to avoid \u2013 and therefore preserve \u2013 legumes and forbs, feeding primarily on grasses. <a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce072f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ce072f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9a02b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e9a02b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Vache vs cheval_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NjYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvVmFjaGUtdnMtY2hldmFsX0VORy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41466\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG-500x109.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG-1280x279.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG-768x168.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Vache-vs-cheval_ENG-1536x335.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e39904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e39904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In summary, horse grazing is characterized by the selective consumption of very large quantities of grasses and the creation of a mosaic of short and tall vegetation. The open environment and the resulting structural heterogeneity of the plant cover promote significant biodiversity. <strong>The diversity of plant cover is thus greater in pastures grazed by horses compared to pastures grazed by ruminants<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a>. However, it should be noted that those benefits are <strong>directly dependent on pasture management practices:<\/strong> if ill-adapted (excessive stocking rates, excessive grazing time, etc.), horse grazing alone can lead to overgrazing and the expansion of \u201crefusal zones\u201d, which can eventually account for 30 to 50% of the pasture area.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03e34d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03e34d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f513a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8f513a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de9ac29 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de9ac29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ee2ac1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5ee2ac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beebca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"beebca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">In short<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The grazing methods of cattle and horses have similarities (strong appetite for grasses), but also differences: while cattle use the plant cover in a rather homogeneous way, horse grazing promotes better floral diversity while also having \u201crefusal zones\u201d, which are not grazed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-333885d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"333885d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is it possible to take advantage of the specific characteristics of both species by combining them on the same plot? <strong>Are they complementary?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9524f99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9524f99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77af629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77af629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impacts of mixed cattle\/horse grazing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5203079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5203079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mixed grazing is the <strong>association of herbivores of different species<\/strong> (cattle-horse, sheep-cattle, etc.) <strong>on the same pasture<\/strong>, <strong>simultaneously or successively during a grazing season, with the aim of optimizing the use of plant resources.<\/strong><\/p><p>Through compensatory mechanisms between the grazing patterns of different herbivore species, mixed grazing can impact vegetation cover in a way that differs from monospecific grazing. <strong>Is this the case with mixed cattle\/horse grazing?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a0e82a elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3a0e82a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref2526\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54c149b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54c149b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On the use of plant cover<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92c0a75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92c0a75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When stocking rates are balanced, mixed grazing encourages horses to graze on the bare areas cattle do not value and, conversely, encourages cattle to eat the tall areas that horses leave untouched. <strong>The complementary nature of the species thus limits areas of uneaten forage and promotes the maintenance of open spaces<\/strong>. By minimizing uneaten forage, the complementary use of different plant families by horses and cattle allows them to consume a larger share of the pasture&#8217;s grass.<\/p><p>Within the framework of the EquiBov research project, jointly led by IFCE and INRAE, surveys were conducted on mixed cattle-horse farms and specialized horse farms in the Massif Central region. They highlighted the following points<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> :<\/p><ul><li>Mixed grazing allows <strong>for a higher stocking rate<\/strong> compared to horse grazing alone.<\/li><li>The quantity of fodder purchased per LSU<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>is 10 times lower <\/strong>in mixed farms.<\/li><li>The use of mineral fertilizers is <strong>6 times lower<\/strong> in mixed farms.<\/li><li>Mixed farms make <strong>less frequent use of the ground mulcher<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Seasonal maintenance work per hectare (mowing, harvesting, hedge trimming, etc.) <strong>is reduced by half<\/strong> in mixed systems.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9013383 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9013383\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d4698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3d4698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"B\u00e9n\u00e9fices paturage mixte_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NjgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvQmVuZWZpY2VzLXBhdHVyYWdlLW1peHRlX0VORy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41468\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG.png 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG-500x106.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG-1280x271.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG-768x162.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Benefices-paturage-mixte_ENG-1536x325.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-733a78b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"733a78b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66695c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66695c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It should be noted, however, that there is considerable variability in <strong>how the two species are managed<\/strong> in mixed grazing systems: the presence of cattle and horses can be simultaneous or successive; in the latter case, the order in which they graze may vary (cattle then horses or horses then cattle); the duration of the rotation between plots may fluctuate; as may the cattle-to-horse ratio.<\/p><p>Regarding this last point, <strong>the optimal ratio may sit around 70\/30% of live weight, or 1 horse for every 3 cattle<\/strong>. This proportion appears ideal for limiting the presence of refusal zones while preserving the individual performance (daily live weight gain \u2013 in other words, growth) of both cattle and horses, thus limiting the purchase of supplementary feed<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ced504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0ced504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref2730\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab0b7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ab0b7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On biodiversity<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db7ab27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db7ab27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As noted before, <strong>horse grazing promotes plant diversity.<\/strong> In the long term, however, the density in upland, ungrazed areas generates competition for light. Stimulated by the nitrogen in manure, nitrophilic species<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> accumulate and, being larger, slow down or even prevent the development of other species, thus reducing biodiversity. <strong>Cattle grazing therefore acts in a complementary way by limiting the development of these competitive nitrophilic species in upland areas abandoned by horses<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>Conversely, horses enjoy short grass which cannot be eaten by cattle\u2026 a <strong>mutually beneficial exchange<\/strong>!<\/p><p>Thus, at moderate stocking rates (750kg live weight per hectare, i.e. about one heifer and one mare per hectare), <strong>various studies have shown that mixed equine-bovine grazing improves biodiversity compared to separate grazing<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>But the positive effects of grazing on biodiversity are not limited to plants! Indeed, herbivores play an important role <strong>in maintaining faunal diversity within grazed environments<\/strong>. It has been shown that mixed grazing promotes the presence of <strong>pollinating insects<\/strong>, the diversity of resources for herbivorous and <strong>granivorous wildlife<\/strong>, and the accessibility of <strong>prey for birds<\/strong> that require open habitats<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a>. To achieve this, it is important <strong>not to graze a plot continuously, nor to have an excessive stocking rate<\/strong>, which would prevent flowering.<\/p><p>That\u2019s not all!<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-919f2ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"919f2ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref3134\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb33742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb33742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On parasitism<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5382ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5382ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mixed grazing also helps to <strong>reduce the level of parasitic infestation<\/strong> in animals.<\/p><p>Indeed, horses and cattle only have two parasites in common: Trichostrongylus axei, a strongyle, and the large liver fluke (Fasciola (hepatica). Other gastrointestinal parasites found in horses and cattle exhibit strong host specificity. Thus, when the larva of an equine parasite is ingested by a bovine, it will not be able to complete its development and lay its eggs in this other host&#8217;s body. And vice versa. This is referred to as the dilution effect. One study showed that foals housed in a mixed (equine-bovine) system excreted half as many strongyle parasite eggs as foals from specialized (equine only) systems<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>This reduction in parasite load, combined with reasoned deworming practices, helps to <strong>reduce the use of dewormers and therefore to limit the development of resistance to dewormers by parasites<\/strong><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>However, several factors appear to impact the effectiveness of this dilution effect.<\/p><p>Indeed, in a complementary experimental project, horses excreted the same number of strongyle eggs whether grazing alone or with cattle. In this specific case, the frequency of paddock rotation allowed the grass to regrow between each grazing. The cattle were therefore not forced to graze in areas neglected by the horses, where strongyle larvae, which migrate very little, were concentrated<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>Moreover, the ratio between the two species may again be a determining factor. <strong>Models have shown that in mixed grazing, parasite load decreases in each species in inverse proportion to its share of the overall stocking rate<\/strong>. In other words, the species present in lower numbers in the pasture may benefit the most from this dilution effect<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>These works therefore illustrate the need for further studies, which would make it possible to define the optimal combination in order to take full advantage of mixed grazing in terms of parasite load.<\/p><p>It should be noted, however, that some bacterial or viral diseases are common to both species, for example brucellosis. In this case, <strong>no dilution effect is expected.<\/strong><\/p><p>Furthermore, mixed grazing with cattle appears to be <strong>a risk factor for infection by one of the two blood parasites transmitted via tick bites and responsible for piroplasmosis,<\/strong> <em>Babesia caballi<\/em>. Since ticks feed on both cattle and horses, mixed grazing increases the number of potential hosts and therefore the risk of infection by the latter.<\/p><p><strong>Increased monitoring during periods of high tick activity<\/strong> (in spring and autumn) is therefore recommended. It should be noted, however, that infections caused by <em>Theileria equi<\/em>, the second parasite responsible for piroplasmosis, are far more common than those caused by Babesia caballi. Since the transmission pathways of these parasites differ, mixed grazing has not been identified as a risk factor for infections with <em>Theileria equi<\/em><a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>As we have just seen, the benefits of horse-cattle grazing are numerous and varied. However, what do we know about the <strong>behavioral compatibility between the two species?<\/strong> Do they coexist easily? <a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-592e122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"592e122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">On behavior<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-222b582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"222b582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When sufficient resources and space are available, <strong>very few negative interactions occur, and the two species coexist very well.<\/strong> While the most commonly observed behavior is approach (reduction of the distance between individuals of the two species), some animals express stronger affinities with an animal of the other species by, for instance, chasing flies off each other.<\/p><p>Although no injuries were reported during the various research studies, it <strong>is recommended that cattle be dehorned<\/strong> to prevent injury to equines. Conversely, increased supervision is required <strong>when highly active horses are introduced,<\/strong> encouraging the group to move around more. Excessive locomotor activity in pregnant cows could lead to abortion.<\/p><p>Finally, some breeders find other benefits to this association: the presence of heifers <strong>stimulates the curiosity of the horses<\/strong>, providing a form of enrichment while, at the same time the horses, accustomed to being handled, act <strong>as mediators and facilitate human interaction with cattle<\/strong> (e.g. tagging).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d9684c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3d9684c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref3536\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1852a34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1852a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d95a6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d95a6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In conclusion, combining horses and cattle on pasture \u2013 by taking advantage of the complementary feeding preferences of these two species \u2013 <strong>appears to be beneficial in several ways.<\/strong><\/p><p>Improved use of <strong>forage resources and reduced costs associated<\/strong> with <strong>pasture maintenance and the purchase of supplementary feed<\/strong> represent an economic advantage for farms<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>With its positive impact on biodiversity, mixed grazing contributes to agriculture that is <strong>more resilient to climate change<\/strong> and also helps to<strong> limit the use of dewormers<\/strong>, thus limiting the development of resistance by parasites.<\/p><p>The practice of mixed horse-cattle grazing therefore fits perfectly into the <strong>&#8220;One Welfare&#8221; concept<\/strong>, according to which the welfare of animals, humans and the environment are closely related.<\/p><p>It is important to bear in mind that all the results presented here should be interpreted with caution, as <strong>they depend on the chosen type of grazing<\/strong> (continuous or rotational grazing, time spent on paddocks, simultaneous or successive presence of species, stocking rate, ratio, etc.). To fully benefit from the complementarity of these two herbivores and create a balanced ecosystem that benefits both the animals and the plot, <strong>further studies are needed to identify the most appropriate grazing management strategies.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e35b7aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e35b7aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9183025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9183025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In short<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6b223c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6b223c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c56e3a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c56e3a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Illustration-fin-r\u00e9sum\u00e9_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0NzAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8wNFwvSWxsdXN0cmF0aW9uLWZpbi1yZXN1bWVfRU5HLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1350\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-41470\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG-400x500.jpg 400w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f729ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8f729ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f37972a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f37972a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Thanks to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vetagro-sup.fr\/recherche-expertise\/audrey-michaud\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><strong>Audrey MICHAUD<\/strong><\/a>, agricultural engineer, lecturer and researcher in animal sciences, (Clermont Auvergne University, VetAgro Sup, INRAE, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand) for her proofreading!<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fa7b66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3fa7b66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1642dcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1642dcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional information<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f195f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18f195f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ifce<\/strong> &#8211; Webconference \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7nNam65roNU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage mixte \u00e9quins bovins &#8211; Laurie Briot <\/a>\u00bb<\/p><p><strong>Ifce <\/strong>&#8211; Brochure \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifce.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/DIR-Brochure-Mixite-BD.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turer \u00e0 plusieurs esp\u00e8ces pour des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices multiples : Focus sur la mixit\u00e9 \u00e9quin \u2013 bovin <\/a>\u00bb<\/p><p><strong>INRAE<\/strong> &#8211; Article \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/actualites\/paturage-mixte-bovins-equins-si-benefices-etaient-multiples\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage mixte bovins-\u00e9quins, et si les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9taient multiples ? <\/a>\u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf2d7fb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4bf2d7fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7245462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7245462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"renvoi\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-412cde6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"412cde6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Reference<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\"><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/idele.fr\/inosys-reseaux-elevage\/?eID=cmis_download&amp;oID=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2F5173106d-ab95-464e-8ce4-073ec3c92720&amp;cHash=6da68eec8bbb3ed5cd604af16949809e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Idele &#8211; Les chiffres cl\u00e9s du GEB : Bovins 2023<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/fileadmin\/bibliotheque\/6.Statistiques\/6.1.Ecus-depliant\/IFCE-Depliant-chiffres-cles-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Ifce &#8211; Chiffres cl\u00e9s 2023<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[3] <\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/le-bien-etre-et-la-protection-des-vaches-viande\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">MASA &#8211; Le bien-\u00eatre et la protection des vaches \u00e0 viande<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[4] <\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.grands-troupeaux-mag.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Le-p%C3%A2turage-des-vaches-laiti%C3%A8res-fran%C3%A7aises.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Le p\u00e2turage des vaches laiti\u00e8res fran\u00e7aises<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[5] <\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr\/agreste-web\/download\/publication\/publie\/Dos2304\/Dossiers2023-4_BovinsLait.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Agreste &#8211; Les exploitations bovines laiti\u00e8res en France m\u00e9tropolitaine en 2020<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[6] <\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifce.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DIR-WBC-foncier.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Ifce &#8211; Foncier et fili\u00e8re \u00e9quine : \u00e9tat des lieux et prospective<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Eric Pottier, Audrey A. Michaud, Jean-Pierre J.-P. Farrie, Sylvain Plantureux, Ren\u00e9 Baumont<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03517814\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Les prairies permanentes fran\u00e7aises au c\u0153ur d\u2019enjeux agricoles et environnementaux : des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences nouvelles pour une meilleure gestion<\/a>. <em>Innovations Agronomiques<\/em>, 2012, 25, pp.85-97. 10.17180\/993x-2985. hal-03517814<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[8] <\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/elevage-et-entretien\/alimentation\/fourrage\/les-graminees?tx_web2pdf_pi1%5Baction%5D=&amp;tx_web2pdf_pi1%5Bargument%5D=printPage&amp;tx_web2pdf_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Pdf&amp;tx__%5Baction%5D=&amp;tx__%5Bargument%5D=&amp;tx__%5Bcontroller%5D=Standard&amp;cHash=81cfb28a08650aa8f074b6aafcc3eccc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Equipedia \u2013 Ifce : Les gramin\u00e9es<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/bibliotheque\/3._Guide__pocket_et_autres_pdf\/3.1_Equi-pature\/Les-legumineuses.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Equipedia \u2013 Ifce : Les l\u00e9gumineuses<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref110\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> According to the study by Arrouays et al. (2002), permanent grassland is natural grassland or grassland that has been sown for more than six years and is intended to remain in place; temporary grassland is grassland that has been renewed for less than six years and alternates with crops.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1115\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Mauchamp, Leslie,<em> et al<\/em>.<\/strong> \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/pufc\/12907?lang=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">II. Biodiversit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes* prairiaux <\/a> &#8220;. Les prairies : biodiversit\u00e9 et services syst\u00e9miques, Presses universitaires de Franche-Comt\u00e9, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/books.pufc.12907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/books.pufc.12907<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1115\"><sup>[12] <\/sup><\/a><strong>FARRUGGIA A., DUMONT B., JOUVEN M., BAUMONT R., LOISEAU P.<\/strong> (2006) : \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.inrae.fr\/hal-02653999\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La diversit\u00e9 v\u00e9g\u00e9tale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019exploitation en fonction du chargement dans un syst\u00e8me bovin allaitant du Massif central<\/a>\u201d, Fourrages, 188, 477-493.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1115\"><sup>[13] <\/sup><\/a><strong>Ilias Karmiris, Panagiotis D. Platis, Savas Kazantzidis, and Thomas G. Papachristou<\/strong> &#8220;Diet Selection by Domestic and Wild Herbivore Species in a Coastal Mediterranean Wetland,&#8221; Annales Zoologici Fennici 48(4), 233-242, (1 August 2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5735\/086.048.0404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5735\/086.048.0404<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1115\"><sup>[14] <\/sup><\/a><strong>William W. Martin-Rosset, C. Trillaud-Geyl. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.inrae.fr\/hal-02643914\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage associ\u00e9 des chevaux et des bovins sur des prairies permanentes : premiers r\u00e9sultats exp\u00e9rimentaux<\/a>. Fourrages, 2011, 207, pp.211-214.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1115\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Menard, C., Duncan, P., Fleurance, G., Georges, J.-Y. and Lila, M. <\/strong>(2002), Comparative foraging and nutrition of horses and cattle in European wetlands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39: 120-133. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2002.00693.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2002.00693.x<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1617\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a><strong>Adin, G., R. Solomon, M. Nikbachat, A. Zenou, E. Yosef, A. Brosh, A. Shabtay, S. J. Mabjeesh, I. Halachmi, and J. Miron.<\/strong> 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022030209706538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Effect of feeding cows in early lactation with diets differing in roughage-neutral detergent fiber content on intake behavior, rumination, and milk production<\/a>. J. Dairy Sci. 92:3364\u20133373.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1617\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Mambrini, M., Peyraud, J. L., &amp; Rulquin, H.<\/strong> (1988). Comparaison de diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes de calcul du temps de s\u00e9jour des r\u00e9sidus alimentaires dans l&#8217;ensemble du tube digestif chez la vache laiti\u00e8re. <em>Reproduction Nutrition D\u00e9veloppement<\/em>, 28(Suppl1), 149-150<\/p><p><strong>Carle, B., Dulphy, J. P., L&#8217;HOTELIER, L., Moins, G., &amp; Ollier, A.<\/strong> (1980). Comportement alimentaire compar\u00e9 des ovins et des bovins. Relation avec la digestion des aliments. <em>Reproduction Nutrition D\u00e9veloppement<\/em>, 20(5B), 1633-1639.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1819\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/productions-animales.org\/article\/download\/4044\/12400\/30201&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiI6ouG-_mKAxUAU6QEHdYWO4EQFnoECBgQAw&amp;usg=AOvVaw1bnauyuJg_SZOHfdq9iHfc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Influence des tanins sur la valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants<\/a>. <strong>N. Zimmer, R.Cordesse.<\/strong> INRA Prod. Anim. 1996, 9 (3), 167-179.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref1819\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Duncan, P<\/strong>. Time-Budgets of Camargue Horses Ii. Time-Budgets of Adult Horses and Weaned Sub-Adults. <em>Behaviour<\/em>72, 26\u201348 (1980). <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156853980X00023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1163\/156853980X00023<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Boyd, L. E<\/strong>. Time budgets of adult Przewalski horses: Effects of sex, reproductive status and enclosure. <em>Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.<\/em> 21, 19\u201339 (1988). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90099-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90099-8<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Boyd, L. E.,<\/strong> Carbonaro, D. A. &amp; Houpt, K. A. The 24-hour time budget of Przewalski horses. <em>Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.<\/em>21, 5\u201317 (1988). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90098-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90098-6<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Kaseda, Y.<\/strong> Seasonal Changes in Time Spent Grazing and Resting of Misaki Horses. <em>Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci.,<\/em> 464\u2013469 (1983). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2508\/chikusan.54.464\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2508\/chikusan.54.464<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Kiley-Worthington, M.<\/strong> Time-budgets and social interactions in horses: The effect of different environments. <em>Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.<\/em> 13, 181\u2013182 (1984)<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2024\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Duncan P, Foose TJ, Gordon IJ, Gakahu CG, Lloyd M.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28313034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Comparative nutrient extraction from forages by grazing bovids and equids: a test of the nutritional model of equid\/bovid competition and coexistence<\/a>. Oecologia. 1990 Oct;84(3):411-418. doi: 10.1007\/BF00329768. PMID: 28313034.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2024\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> Stocking rate, or grazing pressure, corresponds to the number of animals present per unit of area.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref14\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a><strong>DUMONT B., FARRUGGIA A., GAREL J.P<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipra-landry.com\/files\/img\/pdf\/2007_01_environnement_01_dumont.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage et biodiversit\u00e9 des prairies permanentes.<\/a> Renc. Rech. Ruminants, 2007, 14, 17-24.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2024\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Fleurance G., Duncan P., Farruggia A., Dumont B., Lecomte T.<\/strong> (2011) : \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebc.cnrs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/publipdf\/2011\/FF207_2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Impact du p\u00e2turage \u00e9quin sur la diversit\u00e9 floristique et faunistique des milieux p\u00e2tur\u00e9s<\/a>\u201d, Fourrages, 207, 189-199<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2024\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Benoit Marion<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/theses.hal.science\/tel-00566651\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Impact du p\u00e2turage sur la structure de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation : Interactions biotiques, traits et cons\u00e9quences fonctionnelles<\/a>. Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, 2010.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2526\"><sup>[25] <\/sup><\/a><strong>Louise Forteau<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/theses.hal.science\/tel-02612241v1\/file\/2019CLFAC082_FORTEAU.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Accro\u00eetre les performances des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9levages de chevaux de selle par la mixit\u00e9 avec des bovins allaitants en zones herbag\u00e8res<\/a>. Agronomie. Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne [2017- 2020], 2019.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2526\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> The livestock unit (LU) is a reference unit used to aggregate livestock of different species and ages using specific coefficients initially established on the basis of the nutritional or dietary requirements of each type of animal.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Glossary:Livestock_unit_(LSU)\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Glossary:Livestock_unit_(LSU)\/fr<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2730\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Martin-Rosset W., Trillaud-Geyl C.<\/strong> (2011) : \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/afpf-asso.fr\/index.php%3Fsecured_download%3D1947%26token%3Dc16b0ba6e27c1efb0d74a94026afe433&amp;ved=2ahUKEwit8bPj2--HAxW2AvsDHcMGE80QFnoECBYQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw0hB0ZviS5Xhrj-IKLCrRid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage associ\u00e9 des chevaux et des bovins sur des prairies permanentes : premiers r\u00e9sultats exp\u00e9rimentaux<\/a>\u201d, Fourrages, 207, 211-214.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2730\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> Nitrophilous plants are plants that live on nitrogen-rich soils and require large amounts of nitrates for their development.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2730\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Loucougaray, G., Bonis, A., Bouzill\u00e9, J.-B.,<\/strong> 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223472872_Effects_of_grazing_by_horses_andor_cattle_on_the_diversity_of_coastal_grasslands_in_western_France\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Effects of grazing by horses and\/or cattle on the diversity of coastal grasslands in western France<\/a>. Biol. Conserv. 116, 59\u201371. 0<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref2730\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> Ifce \u2013 Equipedia \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/elevage-et-entretien\/alimentation\/conduite-de-paturage\/paturage-mixte-equins-bovins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage mixte \u00e9quins-bovins, qu&#8217;en savons-nous ? <\/a>\u00bb<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3134\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Forteau L., Dumont B., Sall\u00e9 G., Bigot G., Fleurance G.,<\/strong> 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31679547\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Horses grazing with cattle have reduced strongyle egg count due to the dilution effect and increased reliance on macrocyclic lactones in mixed farms<\/a>. Animal, 14, 1076-1082.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3134\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifce.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IFCE_Depliant_vermifuge_6_volets_VF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Ifce \u2013 Une vermifugation raisonn\u00e9e pour limiter les r\u00e9sistances <\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3134\"><sup>[33] <\/sup><\/a><strong>Fleurance G., Sall\u00e9 G., Lansade L., Wimel L., Dubois C., Lanore L., Faure S., Dumont B.,<\/strong> 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/mediatheque.ifce.fr\/doc_num.php?explnum_id=25671\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La conduite, facteur limitant des attendus du p\u00e2turage mixte<\/a>. In : Journ\u00e9es Sciences et Innovations \u00c9quines, FIAP Jean-Monnet, Paris, 17 Novembre 2020.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3134\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>Hoste H., Guitard J-P., Pons J-C.<\/strong> (2003) \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/afpf-asso.fr\/article\/paturage-mixte-entre-ovins-et-bovins-interet-dans-la-gestion-des-strongyloses-gastro-intestinales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">P\u00e2turage mixte entre ovins et bovins : int\u00e9r\u00eat dans la gestion du parasitisme par les strongles gastro-intestinaux. &#8220;.<\/a> Fourrages, 176, 425-436<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3134\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> Ifce &#8211; Equ\u2019Id\u00e9e. <a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/fileadmin\/bibliotheque\/3._Guide__pocket_et_autres_pdf\/3.6._Articles_equ_idee\/Article-equidee-piroplasmose-janvier-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Facteurs de risque d&#8217;infestation par les tiques et d&#8217;exposition \u00e0 la piroplasmose \u00e9quine chez les chevaux de trait en r\u00e9gion Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes en France.<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3536\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> Ifce \u2013 Equ\u2019Id\u00e9e, novembre 2017, article 2. <a href=\"https:\/\/equipedia.ifce.fr\/bibliotheque\/3._Guide__pocket_et_autres_pdf\/3.6._Articles_equ_idee\/equidee-paturage-mixte-bovins-equin-11.17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Le p\u00e2turage mixte bovins\u2013\u00e9quins : De nouvelles donn\u00e9es comportementales \u00e0 la disposition des \u00e9leveurs et d\u00e9tenteurs<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"#ref3536\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> <strong>DUMONT, B., COURNUT, S., MOSNIER, C., MUGNIER, S., FLEURANCE, G., BIGOT, G., \u2026 RAPEY, H.<\/strong> (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/productions-animales.org\/article\/view\/4557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Comprendre les atouts de la diversification des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9levage herbivores du nord du Massif central.<\/a> INRAE Productions Animales, 33(3), 173\u2013188.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-118173bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"118173bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e58b211 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e58b211\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-295f230a elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"295f230a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/25-04-Horses-and-cows-in-the-same-pasture.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" download=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f29bd95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f29bd95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c93774b elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1c93774b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-seedling\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The feed choices of grazing cattle and horses are complementary. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Mixed grazing can promote: grass utilization, biodiversity of flora and fauna, dilution of parasite load, and human-animal interactions.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Grazing helps to limit: the purchase of feed, the work involved in maintaining pastures, the administration of dewormers, and antibiotic resistance.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccc84e7 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1ccc84e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e571a elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"50e571a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e6ee02 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77e6ee02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Figure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eceb762 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6eceb762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00f710<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7283a6bc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7283a6bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The purchase of fodder in mixed livestock farms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68055265 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"68055265\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19cd79a6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"19cd79a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64f1250b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64f1250b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-395562b1 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"395562b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-34498 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-pets especes-horses media-infographics-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/species-sheet-all-about-horses\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-34502\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vignette-fiche-espece-cheval_ENG-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/species-sheet-all-about-horses\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecies sheet \u2013 All about horses!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26880 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-pets especes-horses media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/horses-dont-need-to-lie-down-to-rest-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26882\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/horses-dont-need-to-lie-down-to-rest-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tHorses don&#8217;t need to lie down to rest, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26276 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-pets especes-horses media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/a-horse-in-the-pasture-is-a-happy-horse-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9630\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/a-horse-in-the-pasture-is-a-happy-horse-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tA horse in the pasture is a happy horse: TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-12078 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-farming-101 themes-one-welfare-en media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-24006\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Illustration_sans_titre.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/grazing-animals-are-necessarily-happy-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tGrazing animals are necessarily happy, TRUE OR FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Horses and cows in the same pasture: does it make sense? Discover the benefits of mixed grazing for them and for the environment. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":41450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[493,492],"themes":[282],"especes":[296,332],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-41448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-mix-equine-bovine","tag-mixed-grazing","themes-farm-animals","especes-cows","especes-horses","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41448"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42444,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41448\/revisions\/42444"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41448"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=41448"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=41448"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=41448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}