{"id":34621,"date":"2023-01-24T11:53:56","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T10:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/is-hypertype-contrary-to-animal-welfare\/"},"modified":"2025-02-20T14:22:46","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T13:22:46","slug":"is-hypertype-contrary-to-animal-welfare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/is-hypertype-contrary-to-animal-welfare\/","title":{"rendered":"Is hypertype contrary to animal welfare?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34621\" class=\"elementor elementor-34621 elementor-3903\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da78d4a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da78d4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2f5bf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b2f5bf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-204a603b e-con-full elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"204a603b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ef6fbc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60ef6fbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fc6c29b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3fc6c29b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-34647\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-316db76d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"316db76d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14adbd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14adbd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Norway<\/strong> recently enacted a <strong>ban on breeding Cavalier King Charles Spaniels<\/strong>, arguing that most of these dogs exhibit physical characteristics that are <strong>detrimental to their welfare<\/strong> (in this case, a skull that is too small to adequately accommodate their nervous system). For the Supreme Court that upheld the ban, most Cavaliers King Charles Spaniels appear to be &#8220;<em><strong>hypertypycal<\/strong><\/em>&#8221; to some extent. But <strong>what exactly is a hypertype<\/strong>? Is hypertype always harmful? Can hypertype <strong>really be associated<\/strong> with a particular breed?    Here is what you need to know!<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9d51a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9d51a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2928b1cf elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2928b1cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-34647\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/vignette_ENG.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-530a6ce6 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"530a6ce6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3726c384 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3726c384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e4cb28 elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9e4cb28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dog\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Hypertyped animals are extreme individuals within a breed, whose morphological characteristics deviate from the standard<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-band-aid\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> There are more and more hypertyped animals, and hypertype can be synonymous with animal suffering (respiratory, dental, calving problems, etc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-heart-broken\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Hypertyped animals are more likely to be abandoned, particularly because of the costly care they may need<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b71d9e6 e-con-full elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b71d9e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32972794 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32972794\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Norway<\/strong> recently enacted a <strong>ban on breeding Cavalier King Charles Spaniels<\/strong>, arguing that most of these dogs exhibit physical characteristics that are <strong>detrimental to their welfare<\/strong> (in this case, a skull that is too small to adequately accommodate their nervous system). For the Supreme Court that upheld the ban, most Cavaliers King Charles Spaniels appear to be &#8220;<em><strong>hypertypycal<\/strong><\/em>&#8221; to some extent. But <strong>what exactly is a hypertype<\/strong>? Is hypertype always harmful? Can hypertype <strong>really be associated<\/strong> with a particular breed?    Here is what you need to know!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ebe2265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2ebe2265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4495b706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4495b706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is hypertype? \n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5725f26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5725f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to Guintard and Class (2017), a <strong>well-typed dog<\/strong> is r<strong>epresentative <\/strong> of its breed, possessing all its distinctive characteristics. Hypertyped animals, on the other hand, are <strong>extreme individuals within a breed<\/strong>, who deviate from the standard to the point of not conforming to it. An animal lacking \u201ctype\u201d falls below the standard, whereas a hypertyped animal <strong>exceeds it.<\/strong> This applies not only to dogs and cats but also to all domestic animals, from horses to cows.    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66b4f5a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66b4f5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6bfd2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6bfd2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"courbe hypertype_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzQ2NTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wMVwvY291cmJlLWh5cGVydHlwZV9FTkctMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1-1280x949.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-34657\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1-1280x949.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1-500x371.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1-768x570.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1-1536x1139.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/courbe-hypertype_ENG-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8af7fd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8af7fd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For better understanding dog breeds vocabulary, read this <strong>glossary<\/strong>. It will help you understand the rest of this article:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9a4780 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a9a4780\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1dfc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c1dfc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/glossaire_ENG.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"glossaire_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzQ2NjAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wMVwvZ2xvc3NhaXJlX0VORy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/glossaire_ENG.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-34660\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/glossaire_ENG.jpg 595w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/glossaire_ENG-353x500.jpg 353w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-605aa6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"605aa6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c8ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8c8ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where do hypertypes come from?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df54133 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5df54133\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c90f7b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c90f7b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ade0ca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ade0ca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show-1280x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-23474\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show-1280x683.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show-500x267.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show-1536x820.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/carlin-show.png 1793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d79912f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d79912f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e68214 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e68214\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the case of purebred dogs and cats, <strong>standards define the desired characteristics in individuals<\/strong>. Inappropriate interpretation of these standards (by judges, breeders, owners, etc.) can lead to the selection of animals with exaggerations of the desired type. <strong><em>This is all about balance<\/em><\/strong>: the quest for well-typed animals should lead to the selection of neither animals lacking type, nor hypertyped animals. The <strong>quest for beauty <\/strong> can sometimes lead to a drift towards selecting animals that are extreme in type, i.e. hypertyped. According to Guintard and Class (2017), <strong>selecting animals with extreme characteristics will lead to hypertypes<\/strong>. In the beginning, and with habituation, the phenomenon can go unnoticed. But after several generations, a morphological change in the population is noticeable.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42d1a605 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"42d1a605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bc2704 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9bc2704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why more and more hypertypes?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a54b0bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a54b0bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why are we seeing more and more hypertypes? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7e3652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7e3652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hypertype is a fashion on the rise. According to AFVAC (2019), hypertype is fueled by: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>growing demand<\/strong> from pet owners looking for original companions or those with endearing or unusual characteristics (very small, very large&#8230;);<\/li>\n\n<li>The <strong>selection carried out by certain breeders<\/strong> who do not consider hypertype to be a selection error because hypertyped animals are easy to sell; <\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Demand from the general public<\/strong>, and from show judges who reward certain animals that are extreme in type, and also by the use of hypertyped animals in advertising;<\/li>\n\n<li>The <strong>media hype<\/strong> surrounding these animals. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6912955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6912955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34b4feb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34b4feb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hypertype and welfare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb70ce0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb70ce0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Is hypertype always detrimental to animal welfare? \n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a487a92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a487a92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to Guintard and Class (2017), <strong>hypertype is not systematically synonymous with pain or disease<\/strong>. But sometimes, selection criteria taken to extremes are dangerous and can, in some cases, lead to <strong>animal suffering.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 30px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"> <\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf00f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf00f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consequences for the animal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46b178c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46b178c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the consequences of hypertype?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ca8f97 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ca8f97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aac6b55 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aac6b55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52f6a5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"52f6a5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/95-1024x1024-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-23498\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/95-1024x1024-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/95-1024x1024-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/95-1024x1024-1-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/95-1024x1024-1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f71bbb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f71bbb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cda1086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cda1086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The consequences of hypertype are <strong>varied<\/strong> and depend on the character or characters that are exaggerated in the animal.<\/p>\n<p>Hypertyped animals can <strong>suffer from respiratory problems, dental problems and whelping problems<\/strong> in females, in cases where the nose is too short and\/or the head too round. According to Pacheteau (2020), brachycephalic breeds, with skulls that are wider than they are long, are particularly affected by this phenomenon. Examples of such breeds include the Persian cat, or the French or English bulldog.   <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c88278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c88278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les animaux hypertyp\u00e9s peuvent <strong>souffrir de probl\u00e8mes respiratoires, de probl\u00e8mes dentaires, de probl\u00e8mes lors des mises-bas<\/strong> chez les chiennes, lorsque le nez est trop raccourci et\/ou la t\u00eate trop globuleuse. Selon Pacheteau (2020), sont tr\u00e8s concern\u00e9es par ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne les races brachyc\u00e9phales qui correspondent \u00e0 des animaux aux cranes plus large que long. On peut citer comme exemples de races le persan pour le chat, ou chez les chiens le bouledogue fran\u00e7ais ou anglais.   <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hypertyped animals can suffer from <strong>compression or malformation of the spinal cord<\/strong> when their cranial cavity is reduced. This is the case for breeds with neoteny, i.e. those reminiscent of a juvenile appearance (round head, large eyes), such as the Cavalier King Charles.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Some hypertyped animals have a tendency to <strong>corneal ulcers and eye dislocations<\/strong> due to their prominent eyes, as in hypertyped Pugs and Pekingese. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hypertyped animals with a shortened, corkscrew tail are often associated with <strong>vertebral anomalies<\/strong>. These features are also found in hypertyped Pugs.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Locomotion difficulties <\/strong> are observed when the animal&#8217;s hind legs are too straight. One example is the hypertyped Chow-chow.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Back pain<\/strong> occurs when the back is too long and the legs are too short, which is most often the case with hypertyped Dachshunds and Basset hounds. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In extreme cases, a greater susceptibility <strong>to hip dysplasia and musculoskeletal problems<\/strong> is caused by an excessively down-sloping topline. This problem is also found in hypertyped German Shepherds.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dermatitis, inflammation of the skin<\/strong>, can be caused by excessive folding of the skin. Generally observed in hypertyped Shar pei.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hypertypes can also generate <strong>behavioral expression disorders<\/strong>. Hypertyped Dachshunds and Basset Hounds, for example, are unable to \u201cplay\u201d bow. Sometimes, hypertyped animals lose the function for which they were selected in the first place. Overly long hair, for example, prevents the animal from fully expressing its hunting ability. This is the case of the hypertyped English Setter.     <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Here is a summary of hypertype and how to spot it in certain breeds of dog:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c0cc51 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c0cc51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234c179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"234c179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quest-ce-quun-hypertype-v2_ENG.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quest-ce-quun-hypertype-v2_ENG.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a334e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"11a334e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85ca5ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85ca5ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consequences for the owner<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-655f1a1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"655f1a1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Does hypertype impact owners? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-383d836e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"383d836e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to Veterinary Dispatch (2019), the consequences of hypertype are also felt <strong>by owners<\/strong>, who may be forced to provide lifelong care and resort to costly surgery for their pets, such as soft palate resection \u2013 when soft palate is too long and hinders breathing in certain hypertyped brachycephalic dogs \u2013 or surgery for nasopharyngeal stenosis (narrowing of the nostrils) \u2013 when the animal has too small nostrils to breathe properly. It is also a societal problem, as hypertyped animals <strong>are more likely to be abandoned.<\/strong> As a result, the number of abandoned hypertyped animals is abnormally high.   <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e644cb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e644cb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71cfe84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71cfe84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tackling this phenomenon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95f9549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95f9549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tackling this phenomenon<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a51e1ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a51e1ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to AFVAC (2019), subjects should be selected according to type (breed standard conformation), and hypertype <strong>should be regarded as a selection error<\/strong>. Also, the <strong>suppression of advertising<\/strong> featuring hypertyped individuals should be encouraged, in order to reduce the desire for such animals, and to ensure that sales comply with legislation. The <strong>entire veterinary profession<\/strong> is also mobilizing to raise awareness of hypertype among pet owners.<em> <\/em><strong>Everyone involved<\/strong>, from pet owners to breeders, veterinarians, professional associations, studbook federations, judges and the media, must work together to combat hypertype.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1188c4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1188c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8dfeaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8dfeaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Download the infographics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d08ee6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d08ee6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To download the two sheets in pdf format<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01b17b4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01b17b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cb1dd7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cb1dd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-894b324 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"894b324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/glossaire_ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download glossary<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8520e19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8520e19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efbed14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"efbed14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/quest-ce-quun-hypertype-v2_ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download  recap sheet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c0f211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7c0f211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236bccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236bccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Text written by <strong>Claire Missana<\/strong>, student at VetAgro Sup, with additional proofreading by <strong>Marie Abitbol<\/strong>, veterinary surgeon and teacher-researcher in genetics, and the <strong>Chaire Bien-\u00catre Animal<\/strong> team.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ffcedb5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4ffcedb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e8637b5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"6e8637b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Reference<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1851\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1851\"><ul>\n<li>GUINTARD C., CLASS A., 2017. Hypertypes et standards de races chez le chien : une histoire d\u2019\u00e9quilibre. Bulletin de l&#8217;Acad\u00e9mie V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de France 170(5)  <\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9p\u00eache v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire num\u00e9ro 1507 (2019) : https:\/\/www.depecheveterinaire.com\/hypertypes-stopper-la-selection-d-animaux-en-souffrance_67974F7FB572B3.html<\/li>\n<li>Hypertypes : l\u2019AFVAC s\u2019engage contre les hypertypes (2019) https:\/\/afvac.com\/l-association\/dossiers\/l-afvac-s-engage-contre-les-hypertypes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>website of FECAVA : Federation of European Companion Animal Veterinary Associations s\u00e9ction Healthy Breeding : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fecava.org\/policies-actions\/healthy-breeding-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.fecava.org\/policies-actions\/healthy-breeding-3\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00e8se morgane MICHEL (Lyon) \u00ab Hypertypes chez les chiens et chats de race \u00bb <\/li>\n<li>Article \u00e9crit par Maud LAFON dans suppl\u00e9ment ASV du pointv\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de juin 2018 \u00ab Hypertypes canins : un sujet d\u2019importance v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire \u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Article \u00ab Hypertypes : stopper la s\u00e9lection d\u2019animaux en souffrance \u00bb de d\u00e9cembre 2019 du pointv\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire<\/li>\n<li>Article \u00ab \u00ab Hypertypes : un fl\u00e9au pour la sant\u00e9 des chiens et chats \u00bb par Claude Pacheteau<\/li>\n<li>Site internet de la centrale canine <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centrale-canine.fr\/articles\/le-lof\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.centrale-canine.fr\/articles\/le-lof<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Site internet de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration cynologique internationale : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fci.be\/fr\/Presentation-de-notre-organisation-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">http:\/\/www.fci.be\/fr\/Presentation-de-notre-organisation-4.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Article de Claude PACHETEAU (2020) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.santevet.com\/articles\/hypertypes-un-fleau-pour-la-sante-des-chiens-et-chats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.santevet.com\/articles\/hypertypes-un-fleau-pour-la-sante-des-chiens-et-chats<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cbc34a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4cbc34a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59068e2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59068e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3d747b elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b3d747b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7868f4e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7868f4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e07050d elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6e07050d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dog\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Hypertyped animals are extreme individuals within a breed, whose morphological characteristics deviate from the standard<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-band-aid\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> There are more and more hypertyped animals, and hypertype can be synonymous with animal suffering (respiratory, dental, calving problems, etc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-heart-broken\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Hypertyped animals are more likely to be abandoned, particularly because of the costly care they may need<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-546e428 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"546e428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2504c21a elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2504c21a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Figure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9caa0e elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d9caa0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">10<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e04b55c elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e04b55c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dog breeds in France are divided into <strong>10 groups<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-652564ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"652564ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d36f477 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5d36f477\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-133ec950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"133ec950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c5cdac elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"68c5cdac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17706 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-interviews themes-other-animals media-videos-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-18377\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Other animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\">\n\t\t\t\tUrban animal welfare\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26663 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-pets especes-cats media-popular-beliefs media-videos-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/we-should-let-stray-cats-be-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9625\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/we-should-let-stray-cats-be-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tWe should let stray cats be, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26746 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-pets especes-dogs media-infographics-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-dogs\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26805\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG.png 1081w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-dogs\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecies sheet &#8211; All about dogs!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-28568 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-pets especes-dogs media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/choke-and-shock-collars-are-good-for-dogs-and-their-training-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-27038\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/choke-and-shock-collars-are-good-for-dogs-and-their-training-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tChoke and shock collars are good for dogs and their training, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19a8138 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"19a8138\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f25c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d8f25c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is hypertype and why can it have a negative impact on dogs?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":34647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[254,252],"themes":[299],"especes":[298],"media":[341,329],"class_list":["post-34621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-definitions-en","tag-pets","themes-pets","especes-dogs","media-articles-en","media-infographics-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34621"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34695,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34621\/revisions\/34695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34621"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=34621"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=34621"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=34621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}