{"id":34020,"date":"2024-11-26T14:25:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T13:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/why-and-how-to-enrich-the-environment-of-farm-animals\/"},"modified":"2025-02-06T12:08:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T11:08:13","slug":"why-and-how-to-enrich-the-environment-of-farm-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/why-and-how-to-enrich-the-environment-of-farm-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Why and how to enrich the environment of farm animals?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34020\" class=\"elementor elementor-34020 elementor-32060\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a377ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1a377ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a29b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08a29b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db271c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7db271c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb84e1f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cb84e1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb87212 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb87212\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4309cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4309cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecb89ca elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"ecb89ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-loupe1\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Environmental enrichment refers to modifications that aim to make the animals' environment more complex: it provides information, stimulates the animals and increases their propensity to explore. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Enrichment is a complement to \u2013 and not a replacement for \u2013 the fulfillment of basic needs. <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-heart11\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Enrichment induces positive effects in the short term (positive emotions) and in the long term (adaptability, resilience)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92d8867 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"92d8867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02a2234 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02a2234\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-861f63f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"861f63f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f56c7b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f56c7b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c017a63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c017a63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-34128\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Vignette-enrichissement-milieu_ENG.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9191341 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9191341\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7210b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"4b7210b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16f8da8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16f8da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>In a literature review published in the summer of 2024, <strong>Isabelle Veissier<\/strong> and her colleagues<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> reviewed the current state of scientific knowledge on environmental enrichment. The Chaire BEA team is pleased to provide you with a popularized summary. <\/em><\/p><p>In livestock farming, the environment in which animals live is often <em>less stimulating <\/em>\u00a0than their natural habitat. While legislation requires their <strong>basic biological needs <\/strong>(eating, sleeping, drinking, etc.) to be fulfilled, it does not often impose enrichments <strong>that <\/strong>would allow varied cognitive experiences for the animals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9be3681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9be3681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3547a03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3547a03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-089fb9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"089fb9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Definition of enrichment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0606e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e0606e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is enrichment?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c8aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental enrichment refers to modifications aimed at <strong>making captive animals&#8217; <\/strong><strong>impoverished<\/strong> <strong>environment more complex<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Indeed, a poor environment, even if it allows the satisfaction of basic needs, may not allow complete expression of an animal&#8217;s behavioral repertoire. It can thus be a source of boredom, which can lead to the development of abnormal behaviors (stereotypies, aggressiveness, apathy, etc.). First developed to <strong>improve the cognitive abilities <\/strong>of captive animals in zoos or for scientific research, environmental enrichment has more recently been used on farm animals to reduce boredom and abnormal behaviors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebada75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ebada75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d73e5aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d73e5aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types of enrichment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e6a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6e6a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Different types of enrichment<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa103e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"efa103e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref211\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81daff6 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"81daff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"136163318\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633181\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633181\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633181\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSensory\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633182\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633182\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633182\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPhysical\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633183\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633183\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633183\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tenrichments that encourage exercise\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633184\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633184\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633184\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCognitive\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633185\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633185\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633185\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFeeding-based\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633186\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633186\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633186\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSocial\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633181\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633181\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-c4ab42f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4ab42f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d35aa6d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d35aa6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1353f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1353f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32075 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-sensoriel.png 1518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Sensory enrichment <\/strong>aims to stimulate one or more of an animal&#8217;s <strong>senses <\/strong>. This can be visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile or gustatory stimulation; alone or in combination. Thus, certain stimuli can encourage activity and the search for their source: for example, country music in cows<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>, the movement of a laser pointer in chickens<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>, or the smell of peppermint and rosemary in many species (primates, mice, dogs, chickens, etc.)<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633182\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633182\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-71305a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71305a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f6edd7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f6edd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511333c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"511333c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32077 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique-1025x1024.png 1025w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique-768x767.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-physique.png 1518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><strong>Physical enrichment<\/strong> can take the form of adding <strong>objects\/substrates<\/strong> to an animal&#8217;s enclosure, or structuring the space with <strong>partition panels.<\/strong> The latter option, by defining areas with distinct functions, encourages movement and exploration of the different zones because, unlike an open space, not everything is visible at first glance. It also enables subordinate individuals to avoid the dominant ones, thus limiting aggressiveness, particularly during mealtimes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633183\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633183\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8abe6e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8abe6e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1939782 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1939782\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e0ee3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53e0ee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32079\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-activite-physique.png 1518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/>For terrestrial species, <strong>enrichments that encourage exercise <\/strong>may consist in providing access to larger paddocks \u2013 for aquatic species, it may be modifying water current. For example, it has been shown that horses housed in stalls with free movement in paddocks are less likely to express stereotypies<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> (see box below). Similarly, the welfare of farmed fish can be improved by stimulating swimming activity through increased water current in the tanks<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633184\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633184\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-44515c5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44515c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0628269 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0628269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70f2e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70f2e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32083 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif-1025x1024.png 1025w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif-768x767.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-cognitif.png 1518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><strong>Cognitive enrichment<\/strong> aims to stimulate the animal&#8217;s cognitive abilities. Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge (perception, reasoning, memory, language, etc.). Enrichment then takes the form of <strong>tasks to be solved<\/strong>. Examples include educational games for dogs, which require them to roll or shake to drop a snack.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633185\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633185\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2432fc0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2432fc0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-052c1ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"052c1ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e04363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e04363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32081\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-alimentation.png 1517w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p><p>F<strong>eeding-based enrichment<\/strong> aims to vary not only the nature of the offered food, but also the means of accessing it. For example, in lambs<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> and horses<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>,<\/p><p>choosing feed led to an increase in consumption and reduced the appearance of abnormal behavior, compared with the control group, which was always offered the same feed. The use of \u201cslow feeders\u201d devices designed to increase feeding time without changing the distributed quantity of feed, such as hay nets, also reduces the expression of abnormal behavior in horses<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1361633186\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1361633186\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-28f41c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28f41c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d65d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c5d65d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587e6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"587e6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-32085\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Enrichissement-social.png 1517w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Social enrichment (intra- or inter-specific)<\/strong> consists in offering the opportunity to interact with congeners or animals of other species, including humans. Indeed, opportunities for interaction are really important for social species such as farm animals. Young animals are particularly sensitive to their social environment, which, when adapted, enables the development of indispensable <strong>social and cognitive skills<\/strong>. Conversely, isolation during this period can result in animals unable to recognize and understand social signals, making them more aggressive. It also increases reactivity to stressful events, promotes anxious behavior and reduces cognitive capacity. It has been shown that horses individually housed express less abnormal behavior when they can have physical and visual contact with congeners, using partially open partitions<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Contact with caretakers can also play a role in social enrichment, particularly in the absence of contact with congeners. Thus, kid goats<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> and piglets<a href=\"#renvoi\"><sup>[11] <\/sup><\/a>that experience positive human contact not only are more attracted to humans: they are also less reactive when isolated, suggesting that human contact affects their emotional reactivity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52da7d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52da7d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1577de9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1577de9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cfe59e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4cfe59e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b01c8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"3b01c8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stereotypies are defined as repetitive, invariant behaviors, without any apparent purpose or function. Examples: a captive feline that moves back and forth in its enclosure, a bird that plucks its own feathers (<strong>self <\/strong>-pecking), a horse repeatedly shifting its weight between forelimbs (weaving), etc.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff30ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cff30ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72c845 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e72c845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental enrichment can thus take <strong>many different forms<\/strong>: it can be sensory, physical, social, occupational, cognitive, feeding-based or a mixture of the above. Furthermore, one type of enrichment does not exclude another and the introduction of a new food, for example, may be both dietary and sensory enrichment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc24507 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc24507\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46fb162 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46fb162\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56263d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56263d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Simple examples of enrichment:<\/strong><\/h5><div><ul><li>Playing <strong>music <\/strong>in a livestock building<\/li><li>Adding a <strong>new feed <\/strong>(fruit, vegetable, fodder) in addition to the daily ration<\/li><li>Installing <strong>brushes <\/strong>for animals to scratch<\/li><li><strong>Positive <\/strong>interactions with humans<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d54f773 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d54f773\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bbc50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bbc50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN\">In this light, can any modification of the environment in favor of animal welfare be considered as enrichment?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b03912 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b03912\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e842c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e842c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Improvement vs enrichment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3511b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3511b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d24fc53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d24fc53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environmental improvement or enrichment?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a81b316 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a81b316\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1213\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ab9c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1ab9c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f8618 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7f8618\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enrichment was first described as &#8220;<em>Any improvement in the biological functioning of captive animals resulting from modifications of their environment\u201d<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\"><sup>[12] <\/sup><\/a>. However, it is now distinguished from modifications which, although improve animal welfare, simply allow the animal&#8217;s needs or preferences to be fulfilled <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a>. This is the case, for instance, when providing substrate to chickens so that they can take dust baths.<\/p><p>Enrichment goes further, by inducing <strong>a change\/addition in the environment that provides information <\/strong>(sensory, social, etc.) that the animal perceives and can process. To obtain this information, the animal must resort to investigation, experience or practice. Thus, <strong>enrichment is effective if, through specific properties linked to its complexity, it stimulates the animal and increases its propensity to explore. <\/strong>Going back to the example of chickens, this could involve, for example, placing small straw bales on the ground in livestock buildings: in addition to meeting certain basic needs by providing a perch and resting area (chickens like to lie down on it), straw bales stimulate exploration by encouraging chickens to peck at the straw.<\/p><p>In other words, the arrangements made to enrich an animal&#8217;s environment cannot compensate for a sub-optimal environment: they therefore come <strong>as a complement and not as a replacement for the satisfaction of basic needs<\/strong>.<\/p><p>While environmental improvement has a direct positive impact on animals, environmental enrichment has, on top of that, an indirect and delayed effect that extends beyond the time spent in contact with the object in question. This difference is due to the fact that enrichment, unlike improvement, is a modification of the environment that allows animals to acquire abilities that they can mobilize later on.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c84a5b0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c84a5b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e607319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e607319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effects of enrichment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae6104a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae6104a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b0fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55b0fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the effects of environmental enrichment on animals?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7dec43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a7dec43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref1416\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c2ad8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e3c2ad8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1794945 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1794945\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As we have seen previously, environmental enrichment has <strong>a direct and immediate impact <\/strong>on animals: it induces a reduction in the occurrence of abnormal behaviors and aggressiveness. By stimulating curiosity, it pushes animals to explore. Adding new elements therefore not only directly promotes exploration but also encourages animals to better explore their environment!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c832579 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c832579\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a450ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a450ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-609eeb0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"609eeb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat-1025x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-32092\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat-1025x1024.png 1025w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat-768x767.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Labyrinthe-rat.png 1393w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-196241c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"196241c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Beyond the meaning of the object being explored, it is <strong>exploration itself <\/strong>that seems to be <strong>rewarding for the animals<\/strong>. It has been shown that rats prefer to explore a maze without knowing if there will be a reward, rather than taking known routes that they know will lead to a food reward<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\"><sup>[14] <\/sup><\/a>! Similarly, a study has highlighted that piglets prefer to enter an enclosure in which they know that a new object is hidden, rather than an enclosure where they have learned that a familiar object is hidden<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\"><sup>[15] <\/sup><\/a>. They therefore prefer to explore and interact with unknown objects!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9408b71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9408b71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a7687f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a7687f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is interesting to note that animals are not only able to perform tasks to get access to food; they <strong>also seem interested in performing the tasks themselves<\/strong>. It has been shown that monkeys given tasks of increasing difficulty do not systematically eat their food reward before moving on to the next problem: success is already a reward in itself<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\"><sup>[16] <\/sup><\/a>. In cognitive science, the signs of excitement that accompany the resolution of a task have a name: the &#8220;<strong>Eureka effect<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-841ce46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"841ce46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"ref17\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c096a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c096a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90be2c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90be2c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6dd0b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6dd0b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-848fa16 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"848fa16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa5a751 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"aa5a751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Contrafreeloading <\/em>is the phenomenon in which an animal prefers to make an effort to obtain a food reward rather than freely accessing this same reward. This mechanism has been demonstrated in many species (rodents, birds, primates) including livestock (goats, heifers).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Although very surprising, its function may be to ensure that the task always allows the reward to be obtained. By acting in this way, the animal collects information that could be useful in the event of a change in its environment: it is therefore an adaptive behavior <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/pourquoi-et-comment-enrichir-lenvironnement-des-animaux-delevage\/#renvoi\">[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This concept is to be compared with the notions of predictability and control of the environment, perceived positively by animals.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6d76e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f6d76e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca45cbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca45cbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This active search for information also induces many <strong>long-term effects<\/strong>: <strong>reduction of neophobia <\/strong>(i.e. a reduction in the fear of novelty, which results in an increase in curiosity), <strong>better performance in learning and memorizing <\/strong>information, development of <strong>better strategies and behavioral flexibility <\/strong>(ease in changing strategies).<\/p><p>By stimulating brain development and the proliferation of cells and their connections, environment exploration therefore induces an <strong>improvement in all of the <\/strong>animal&#8217;s cognitive capacities as well as adaptation to the environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ff0b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50ff0b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d1d2f8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d1d2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Illustration enrichissement milieu_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzQxMzksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMVwvSWxsdXN0cmF0aW9uLWVucmljaGlzc2VtZW50LW1pbGlldV9FTkcucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34139\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG.png 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-500x132.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-1280x339.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-768x203.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Illustration-enrichissement-milieu_ENG-1536x406.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f59ea51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f59ea51\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4496560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4496560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN\">Knowing this, what stimuli should we choose in practice and under what conditions should we make them accessible to animals for maximum effectiveness?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-090806b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"090806b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ab0f71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ab0f71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key elements for implementation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1e0e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d1e0e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-555056f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"555056f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The key elements for setting up effective enrichment<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b9004e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b9004e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb62d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb62d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nature du stimulus<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7878bdf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7878bdf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146db29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"146db29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The stimulus can be natural or artificial: <\/strong>it is not necessary to use elements from the animal&#8217;s natural living environment. A laser pointer, although it has no biological significance for chickens, is an effective enrichment.<\/p><p>More than the stimulus itself, it is the way of <strong>interacting <\/strong>with it that must match the animal\u2019s natural behavior and stimulate its species\u2019 privileged sensory capacity: for example, while chickens will preferentially interact with their beak and pigs with their snout, primates will explore an object primarily with their hands.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bea526 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7bea526\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e1c76 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90e1c76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cd7b6b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"4cd7b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-push-pin1\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecea250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"ecea250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Important<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>It is essential to ensure that the element added to the animals' environment as enrichment is not likely to endanger them (injuries, illnesses, poisoning, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a35af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1a35af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da30f51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da30f51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Furthermore, making the environment more complex by adding stimuli does not always improve animal welfare: it is easy to understand that adding the smell of a predator will not set off positive emotionnal responses&#8230;<\/p><p>However, without going to such extreme cases, the <strong>stimulus can be positive, neutral but also, in a moderate way, negative. <\/strong>Indeed, one of the factors that seems to distinguish positive stress (a challenge) from negative stress (a dead end) induced by a task, seems to be the animal&#8217;s ability to cope with the situation, to find a solution.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6c1979 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6c1979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44385c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44385c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stimulus effectiveness<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bb1643 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9bb1643\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca30874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca30874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For enrichment to be effective, the task the animal is subjected to, the <strong>difficulty <\/strong>it faces, must therefore imperatively be <strong>in line with its cognitive and behavioral capacities<\/strong>. Adequation of the difficulty is essential: <strong>if the task is too simple, the animal will lose interest in it; if it is too complex, it can generate anxiety<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Thus, the effectiveness of enrichment is based on both <strong>complexity <\/strong>and <strong>variability<\/strong>. Complexity is defined by the number of characteristics needed to describe the enrichment (number of objects added to the enclosure, number of different materials that make up the object, diversity of sensory stimulations, number of congeners added, etc.).<\/p><p>Variability is also a key factor because it ensures a continuous flow of information acquisition. Habituation can occur quickly and thus limit the effects of enrichment. Therefore, <strong>regular checks on the animals&#8217; interest in <\/strong>and interaction with enrichment measures should be carried out and, if necessary, they should <strong>be changed regularly<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Finally, it should be noted that <strong>enrichment can be effective even if access to it is limited<\/strong>!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b1b3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a3b1b3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27e97c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27e97c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48fb0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c48fb0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Examples of effective enrichment in livestock farming<\/strong><\/h5><div><p>The European Union Reference Centre for the Welfare of Ruminants and Equines (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurcaw-ruminants-equines.eu\/about-eurcaw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">EURCAW Ruminants &amp; Equines<\/a>) has produced thematic factsheets, which present the enrichments having a significant effect on the welfare of each species:<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ud83d\udc04 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurcaw-ruminants-equines.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFS-Ruminants-Equines-2023-05-FR-Enrichment-for-cattle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Environmental enrichment for cattle\u00a0<\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ud83d\udc0e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurcaw-ruminants-equines.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFS-Ruminants-Equines-2023-08-FR-Enrichment-for-equines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Environmental enrichment for equines<\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ud83d\udc11 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurcaw-ruminants-equines.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/TFS-Ruminants-Equines-2023-06-FR-Enrichment-for-sheep.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Environmental enrichment for sheep<\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\ud83d\udc10 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurcaw-ruminants-equines.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFS-Ruminants-Equines-2023-07-FR-Enrichment-for-goats.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Environmental enrichment for goats<\/a><\/p><p class=\"Default\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\ud83d\udc14 Environmental enrichment for poultry (coming soon)<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca58c9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bca58c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb97e26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb97e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Individual adaptation of the stimulus<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbcffb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9dbcffb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a7c419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a7c419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While there are broad principles that apply at the species level, it is important to remember that the benefits of enrichment depends on <strong>individuals<\/strong>. One must therefore find the <strong>right balance between<\/strong> <strong>curiosity and neophobia<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Indeed, when they express curiosity, animals expend energy and take risks (getting poisoned by consuming a harmful food, getting injured, being attacked, etc.): curiosity therefore comes at a price! Conversely, neophobia<strong>, <\/strong>from the ancient Greek <em>neos <\/em>(&#8220;new&#8221;) and <em>ph\u00f3bos <\/em>(&#8220;flight, fear&#8221;) \u2013 literally &#8220;the fear of what is new&#8221; \u2013, is a protection mechanism against potential harm. Animals therefore express curiosity when the supposed benefits are deemed greater than the risks. This may explain, for example, why pregnant ewes, when fed their usual ration simultaneously in their usual trough and in a new device (hay net), reject the new device while non-pregnant ewes use it from day one. Animals with high energy needs may be less curious because they are less inclined to take risks.<\/p><p>In addition to physiological stage, age also appears to be an important factor: young animals are likely to benefit more from enrichment because they tend to be more curious and have better brain plasticity than adult animals.<\/p><p>It is therefore advisable <strong>to carefully observe the animals&#8217; reactions to the proposed enrichments <\/strong>and <strong>adapt them accordingly<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29fdffe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29fdffe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb4595 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5eb4595\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70cfe41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70cfe41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7edad83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7edad83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Environmental enrichment aims to provide animals with opportunities to <strong>acquire information by actively <\/strong>interacting with their environment. In the short term, this process of acquiring information induces positive emotions in animals, which are then more inclined to explore their environment. This has the longer term consequence of stimulating their cognitive abilities (learning, memory) and thus improving their ability to adapt to their environment. Better equipped to manage future changes, animals that benefit from enrichment demonstrate greater adaptability and are therefore more resilient.<\/p><p>If the effectiveness of enrichments put in place depends on the species, and therefore requires a good knowledge of it, this is not enough: in fact, preferences <strong>vary <\/strong>from one individual to another but also during the life of an individual (experience, physiological stage, age, etc.)! It is therefore appropriate to adapt to each individual according to its expressed signs of well-being or discomfort.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ddcc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"40ddcc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"renvoi\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b512bc5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"b512bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1891\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1891\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Reference<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1891\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1891\"><p><a href=\"#ref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro-Sup, UMR Herbivores<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Uetake, K., Hurnik, J.F., Johnson, L., 1997. Effect of music on voluntary approach of dairy cows to an automatic milking system. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 53, 175\u2013182.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Louren\u00e7o da Silva, M.I., Almeida Paz, I.C.d.L., Jacinto, A.S., Nascimento Filho, M.A., Oliveira, A.B.S.d., Santos, I.G.A.d., Mota, F.d.S., Caldara, F.R., Jacobs, L., 2023. Providing environmental enrichments can reduce subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence without affecting performance in broiler chickens. Plos One 18, e0284087.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> Lesimple, C., Reverchon-Billot, L., Galloux, P., Stomp, M., Boichot, L., Coste, C., Henry, S., Hausberger, M., 2020. Free movement: a key for welfare improvement in sport horses? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 225, 104972.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> Palstra, A.P., Planas, J.V., 2011. Fish under exercise. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 37, 259\u2013272.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> Garrett, K., Beck, M.R., Marshall, C.J., Maxwell, T.M.R., Logan, C.M., Greer, A.W., Gregorini, P., 2021. Varied diets: implications for lamb performance, rumen characteristics, total antioxidant status, and welfare. Journal of Animal Science 99, skab334.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Thorne, J.B., Goodwin, D., Kennedy, M.J., Davidson, H.P.B., Harris, P., 2005. Foraging enrichment for individually housed horses: practicality and effects on behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 94, 149\u2013164.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> Correa, M.G., Rodrigues e Silva, C.F., Dias, L.A., da Slva Rocha Junior, S., Thomes, F.R., Alberto do Lago, L., de Mattos Carvalho, A., Faleiros, R.R., 2020. Welfare benefits after the implementation of slow-feeder hay bags for stabled horses. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 38, 61\u201366.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> Cooper, J.J., McDonald, L., Mills, D.S., 2000. The effect of increasing visual horizons on stereotypic weaving: implications for the social housing of stabled horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 69, 67\u201383.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> Boivin, X., Braastad, B.O., 1996. Effects of handling during temporary isolation after early weaning on goat kids\u2019 later response to humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 48, 61\u201371.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref211\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Lucas, M.E., Hemsworth, L.M., Butler, K.L., Morrison, R.S., Tilbrook, A.J., Marchant, J. N., Rault, J.L., Galea, R.Y., Hemsworth, P.H., 2024. Early human contact and housing for pigs &#8211; part 1: responses to Humans, novelty and isolation. Animal 18, 101164.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref1213\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> Newberry, R.C., 1995. Environmental enrichment: Increasing the biological relevance of captive environments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 44, 229\u2013243.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref1213\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> Veissier, I., Lesimple, C., Brunet, V., Aub\u00e9, L., Botreau, R. Rethinking environmental enrichment as providing opportunities to acquire information. Animal, 2024.  <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101251<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref1416\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> Franks, B., Champagne, F., Higgins, E., 2013. How enrichment affects exploration trade-offs in rats: implications for welfare and well-being. Plos One 8, e83578.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref1416\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> Wood-Gush, D.G.M., Vestergaard, K., 1991. The seeking of novelty and its relation to play. Animal Behaviour 42, 599\u2013606.  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref1416\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> Watson, S.L., Shively, C.A., Voytko, M.L., 1999. Can puzzle feeders be used as cognitive screening instruments? differential performance of young and aged female monkeys on a puzzle feeder task. American Journal of Primatology 49, 195\u2013202.   <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#ref17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> Inglis, I.R., Forkman, B., Lazarus, J., 1997. Free food or earned food ? A review and fuzzy model of contrafreeloading. Animal Behaviour 53, 1171-1191 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbe.1996.0320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/anbe.1996.0320<\/a>   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f111e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a5f111e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-144602c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"144602c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c99ebf7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c99ebf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1980bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1980bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3f5ab5 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"d3f5ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-34147 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-farming-101 themes-one-welfare-en themes-pets especes-horses media-articles-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/open-barns-small-improvements-big-benefits\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-34186\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Couverture-ecurie-ouverte_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/open-barns-small-improvements-big-benefits\/\">\n\t\t\t\tOpen barns: small improvements, big benefits!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26276 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-pets especes-horses media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/a-horse-in-the-pasture-is-a-happy-horse-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9630\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Illustration_sans_titre-7-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/a-horse-in-the-pasture-is-a-happy-horse-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tA horse in the pasture is a happy horse: TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26725 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-attentes-societales-en tag-eleveurs-en tag-reglementation-en tag-relation-humain-animal-en themes-farm-animals themes-one-welfare-en especes-cows especes-pigs media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/animal-welfare-improvement-is-always-a-constraint-for-breeders-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26947\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/animal-welfare-improvement-is-always-a-constraint-for-breeders-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tAnimal welfare improvement is always a constraint for breeders, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9669 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-animal-welfare themes-farming-101 media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-better-in-smaller-farms-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-500x493.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-29272\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-500x493.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-1038x1024.png 1038w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG-768x758.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/vignette-petites-fermes_ENG.png 1104w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Animal welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-better-in-smaller-farms-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tWelfare is better in smaller farms! TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keep in mind Environmental enrichment refers to modifications that aim to make the animals&#8217; environment more complex: it provides information, stimulates the animals and increases<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":34128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[414,389,302,304],"themes":[282,283],"especes":[296,312,285,332,333,337,287,300,309],"media":[341],"class_list":["post-34020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-animal-welfare","tag-animaux-delevage-en","tag-bovins-en","tag-chevaux-en","themes-farm-animals","themes-farming-101","especes-cows","especes-fish","especes-goats","especes-horses","especes-mice","especes-monkeys","especes-pigs","especes-poultry","especes-sheep","media-articles-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34020"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34197,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34020\/revisions\/34197"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34020"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=34020"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=34020"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=34020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}