{"id":28568,"date":"2023-03-09T17:27:32","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T16:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/?p=28568"},"modified":"2024-09-06T10:55:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:55:21","slug":"choke-and-shock-collars-are-good-for-dogs-and-their-training-true-or-false","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/choke-and-shock-collars-are-good-for-dogs-and-their-training-true-or-false\/","title":{"rendered":"Choke and shock collars are good for dogs and their training, TRUE or FALSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"28568\" class=\"elementor elementor-28568 elementor-27036\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a76dfeb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a76dfeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a68f293 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a68f293\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43000a8 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43000a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-019e49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"019e49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-27038\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3467aee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3467aee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9238694 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9238694\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad9abb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7ad9abb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-27038\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-12.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c688ce5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"c688ce5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">FALSE<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>These devices can have a negative impact on dogs\u2019 physical and psychological welfare, and are not more effective than \u201cpositive\u201d methods.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1c0dad elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d1c0dad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3115984 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3115984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d1bd elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"0a5d1bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dog\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Shock and choke collars are punitive tools designed to suppress a behavior in a dog deemed undesirable by its owner<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-briefcase-medical\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">These collars have a negative impact on the dog's physical and mental health<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-gift\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Today, the effectiveness of these devices is debated in relation to reward-based education.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48701ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48701ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choke and shock collars are sometimes used <strong>to train pets.<\/strong> However, recent studies and veterinary practice have shown that these devices can have a <strong>negative impact<\/strong> on dogs&#8217; welfare. Moreover, their effectiveness, and more generally the <strong>effectiveness<\/strong> of <strong>so-called &#8220;negative&#8221; or &#8220;coercive&#8221; training methods<\/strong>, is now being questioned.<\/p><p>Knowing the impact of these devices on animal welfare \u2013 as well as their potential usefulness \u2013 is all the more important as the law currently prohibits training methods <strong>likely to induce unnecessary injury or suffering for the animal<\/strong>. A <strong>bill has just been passed<\/strong> by the French National Assembly to ban the use of choke and shock collars.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459b845 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"459b845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alongside the bibliography, <strong>Elodie Contamin<\/strong>, veterinary behaviorist, <a href=\"#Elodie\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#itw\">shares her <strong>experience in the field<\/strong> and <strong>her views<\/strong><\/a> on choke and shock collars. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cea244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9cea244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d7fe48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d7fe48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Choke, shock and prong collars: what is this all about? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3b61be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3b61be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Electric or shock collars<\/strong> are tools that send <strong>electrical impulses<\/strong> to the animal when it performs behavior deemed <strong>inappropriate<\/strong>. The most commonly used collars are generally of <strong>three types<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li>Collars that are <strong>triggered remotely<\/strong> by the owner using a remote control,<\/li><li><strong>Anti-bark collars<\/strong> that automatically send an electrical impulse when the dog barks,<\/li><li><strong>Anti-runaway collars<\/strong> that automatically send an electrical impulse when the dog crosses a certain geographical zone.<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><p><strong>Choke collars <\/strong> are generally used to prevent an animal from <strong>pulling too hard<\/strong> on the leash and to teach it to heel. They work on the same principle as a <strong>slipknot:<\/strong> the more the animal pulls, the tighter the collar, creating a <strong>choke<\/strong> that is supposed to make it react and reduce its pull on the leash. There are generally two types of choke collars:<\/p><ul><li>Simple collars, often consisting of a <strong>chain<\/strong>,<\/li><li><strong>Prong collars<\/strong><strong><em>:<\/em><\/strong> the prongs are directed towards the animal&#8217;s body. In this case, in addition to the strangulation effect, <strong>the pressure of the points<\/strong> on skin increases with the pull.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a287759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a287759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Colliers_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Colliers_ENG.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2047d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2047d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These tools for suppressing undesirable behavior are based on what is known as &#8220;<strong><em>operant conditioning<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;. This learning method, developed in particular by psychologist <strong>B. F. Skinner<\/strong>, involves a <strong>stimulus<\/strong>, either positive or aversive, <strong>in response<\/strong> to an animal&#8217;s behavior, in order <strong>to condition it.<\/strong> The stimulus can be applied according to a <strong><em>reinforcement<\/em><\/strong> or <strong><em>punishment<\/em><\/strong> principle, thus making the behavior\u2019s expression <strong>more likely<\/strong> (for reinforcement) or <strong>less likely<\/strong> (for punishment). <\/p>\n<p>Shock and choke collars are based on <strong>two techniques<\/strong> in particular:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Positive punishment<\/strong>: application of an <strong>aversive stimulus <\/strong> (the electrical impulse) to stop behavior deemed inappropriate. The term &#8220;positive&#8221; is used here because a stimulus is <strong>added.<\/strong> If we were to remove a stimulus (e.g. take away a dog&#8217;s game to punish it), we&#8217;d call it <strong>negative punishment. <\/strong> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Negative reinforcement<\/strong>: application of an <strong>aversive stimulus<\/strong> which is <strong>removed<\/strong> once the desired behavior has been obtained. For example: in the case of a choke collar, the dog&#8217;s strangulation (aversive stimulus) is maintained until it stops pulling on the leash.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6082d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0b6082d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9adb5aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9adb5aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Punition-renforcement_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Punition-renforcement_ENG.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9d6e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f9d6e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a0d5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a0d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In all cases, we can see that the use of shock and choke collars refers to an <strong>education method based on the application of aversive stimuli<\/strong> and on <strong>coercion<\/strong>, rather than <strong>cooperation.<\/strong> This is why they fall into the category of &#8220;<strong><em>negative<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; or &#8220;<strong><em>coercive<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; training practices, as opposed to &#8220;<strong><em>positive<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; training practices based on positive stimuli and rewards. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2e1fd1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2e1fd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146416c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"146416c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a488cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a488cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/guillements-vert-debut-qqivhdqa96hrs7iypa81s92gvjjhoe8b3iconak6ko.png\" title=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" alt=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a39f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54a39f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de765a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de765a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The aim of positive education is to make learning fun for the animal. This makes learning more pleasant and easier, and creates a bond and cooperation between human and animal. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>ELODIE CONTAMIN, VETERINARY BEHAVIORIST<\/p>\n<p><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4664\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie.png 765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28d0d54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"28d0d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e32f5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e32f5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What proportion of owners use these devices? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-659ce03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"659ce03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to a 2018 study, in France, <strong>26% of owners surveyed<\/strong> said they had used an electric collar on their dog<sup id=\"1'\"><a href=\"#1\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. Furthermore, according to a 2022 report by the Centre national de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour le bien-\u00eatre animal (CNR BEA), while most of the surveyed dog training professionals (81%) said they disagreed with the idea that &#8220;<em>the use of collars (electric, static or citronella) for recall, if properly used, does not alter the dog&#8217;s welfare<\/em>&#8220;, <strong>just under 19% nevertheless remained in agreement with<\/strong> the idea that this type of collar had no impact on the dog&#8217;s welfare. In addition, while around 90% of dog trainers said they never used electric or static collars, <strong>10% of trainers said they did.<\/strong> Finally, <strong>just under 6%<\/strong> said they used prong collars, and this figure rises to <strong>around 17%<\/strong> for choke collars. In all, <strong>nearly a quarter of surveyed professionals <\/strong> said they used a choke collar, whether simple or with prongs<sup id=\"2'\"><a href=\"#2\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcb85e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bcb85e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pourcentages_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Pourcentages_ENG.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d188bc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d188bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although the use of electric collars and choke collars <strong>seems marginal <\/strong> among owners and dog training professionals, the fact remains that <strong>some of them still use them.<\/strong> In regular use, the latter do not appear to consider the use of shock and choke collars as likely to inflict unnecessary <strong>injury or suffering upon dogs<\/strong>, as required by law<sup id=\"3'\"><a href=\"#3\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d454a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d454a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f78e90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f78e90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76678e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"76678e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/guillements-vert-debut-qqivhdqa96hrs7iypa81s92gvjjhoe8b3iconak6ko.png\" title=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" alt=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5488c05 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5488c05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6775848 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6775848\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>However, I&#8217;m seeing a reduction in the number of people who have used this type of device before coming to see me. I think people are becoming more aware. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>ELODIE CONTAMIN, VETERINARY BEHAVIORIST<\/p>\n<p><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4664\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie.png 765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a6a00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"33a6a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98c2879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98c2879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the effects of using such collars on your pet?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6789959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6789959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Is the use of an electric or choke collar likely to have a negative impact on your dog&#8217;s <strong>physical and psychological health<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc489e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc489e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0345d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0345d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Possible effects of shock and choke collars collars on a dog's physical health<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb6d020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb6d020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the <strong>Association Fran\u00e7aise des V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires pour Animaux de Compagnie (AFVAC)<\/strong>, in <strong>nearly 10% of cases<\/strong>, electric collars lead to &#8220;<em>spectacular physical consequences, up to and including burns with skin necrosis<\/em>&#8221; \u00bb<sup id=\"4'\"><a href=\"#4\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. AFVAC also notes that these lesions can appear after just a few shocks (depending on air humidity and the dog&#8217;s skin) and are <strong>not necessarily the result of frequent use.<\/strong> Furthermore, according to one study, dogs subjected to electric impulses frequently show <strong>signs of pain<\/strong> (vocalization, low tail, etc.)<sup id=\"5'\"><a href=\"#5\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>As far as <strong>choke collars<\/strong> are concerned, veterinary practice has shown that they are likely to have various clinical effects: <strong>hematomas, tracheal deformation, and so on.<\/strong> In addition, <strong>pressure<\/strong> exerted on the nape of the neck tends to increase the dog&#8217;s <strong>intraocular pressure<\/strong>, potentially causing <strong>long-term eye damage<\/strong>. Dogs with thin corneas or glaucoma are particularly likely to be at risk<sup id=\"6'\"><a href=\"#6\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. Although few scientific studies seem to have been published on choke collars, we can mention a case study published in 2013. It reports on a German Shepherd that, as a result of the strangulation caused by its choke collar, had to be euthanized following <strong>cerebral edema<\/strong>, certainly caused by the <strong>compression of blood vessels<\/strong> preventing proper irrigation of its brain<sup id=\"7'\"><a href=\"#7\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df86eec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df86eec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-825b91c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"825b91c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253c7af elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"253c7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/guillements-vert-debut-qqivhdqa96hrs7iypa81s92gvjjhoe8b3iconak6ko.png\" title=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" alt=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7c8b22 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7c8b22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf4579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bf4579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>In some dog clubs, customers have reported to me a really problematic practice: dogs are hung by their leash with their legs no longer touching the ground. In addition to the strangulation and pain induced by the collar, this can also lead to cervical lesions (vertebral displacement, herniated discs), which I have observed in my own practice. This is real animal abuse. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>ELODIE CONTAMIN, VETERINARY BEHAVIORIST<\/p>\n<p><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4664\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie.png 765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ca76b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ca76b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Electric and choke collars can therefore have a <strong>negative impact <\/strong> on a dog&#8217;s physical health, c<strong>ausing various types of injury.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71fd6c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"71fd6c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6215d8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6215d8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Possible effects of shock collars and coercive methods on a dog's mental health <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87337b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87337b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Furthermore, it seems that the use of electric collars <strong>tends to increase the animal&#8217;s stress<\/strong>, as shown by <strong>physiological markers<\/strong> (increased heart rate and salivary cortisol, all the more so as the discharge is unpredictable from the dog&#8217;s point of view)<a href=\"#8\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#8\"><sup id=\"8'\">[8]<\/sup><\/a> and <strong>psychological markers<\/strong> (stress behaviors)<sup id=\"9'\"><a href=\"#9\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#9\">[9].<\/a><\/sup> These behavioral signs of stress can occur <strong>even outside the training context<\/strong><sup id=\"10'\"><a href=\"#10\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. More generally, in the context of negative (or &#8220;coercive&#8221;) training practices based on aversive stimuli, dogs tend to <strong>show more physical signs of stress<\/strong><sup id=\"11'\"><a href=\"#11\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee63f01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ee63f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3cd4d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3cd4d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How effective are electric collars and coercive methods?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d71f88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d71f88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As we&#8217;ve seen, in France in 2018, a sizeable proportion of dog owners still seem to use electric collars. Among them, <strong>58% recommend their use. <\/strong> What&#8217;s more, <strong>51%<\/strong> of users of electric training collars with remote control and <strong>25% <\/strong> of users of anti-bark collars <strong>said they were effective<\/strong><sup id=\"12'\"><a href=\"#12\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>However, several studies tend to <strong>call their effectiveness into question.<\/strong> For example,<strong> <\/strong>a 2020 study on 63 dogs showed that the use of electric collars, even by professionals, was <strong>no more effective than positive training<\/strong>, and led to no less disobedience<sup id=\"13'\"><a href=\"#13\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. Moreover, electric shocks tend to be ineffective <strong>when dogs are highly motivated<\/strong> to perform a behavior (e.g., in the case of aggression)<sup id=\"14'\"><a href=\"#14\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. One study even showed a <strong>higher risk of runaways<\/strong> in dogs fitted with an electric anti-runaway collar than in those with a conventional fence<sup id=\"15'\"><a href=\"#15\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. According to the aforementioned 2018 study by Masson et al., <strong>15%<\/strong> of users of an electric anti-runaway collar admitted that the undesirable behavior <strong>was still present, <\/strong> and <strong>15%<\/strong> felt that the behavior <strong>was even worse<\/strong> than before. In the case of anti-bark collars, a total of <strong>35%<\/strong> recognized either the <strong>failure<\/strong> of the device, or behavioral <strong>deterioration.<\/strong> In the case of electric training collars, just over <strong> 30%<\/strong> of owners admitted that the <strong>undesirable behavior reappeared when the dog was not wearing the collar.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b549d83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b549d83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schema_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Schema_ENG.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3fbfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d3fbfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Furthermore, the intensity of the discharge required to stop inappropriate behavior is <strong>difficult to estimate.<\/strong> Indeed, there is a risk of <strong>increasing the negative effects <\/strong> listed above if the impulse is too strong, or a <strong>risk of habituation <\/strong> if the impulse is too weak. In the latter case, this means that the dog becomes accustomed to the electrical impulse, which no longer has any effect on it. <\/p>\n<p>The dog is also likely to <strong>assimilate the electric shock to all stimuli present<\/strong> at the moment of discharge, including the owner or trainer<sup id=\"16'\"><a href=\"#16\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. There is even a <strong>risk of aggression<\/strong> being redirected at a present human<sup id=\"17'\"><a href=\"#17\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> or animal, subsequently increasing <strong>the risk of biting. <\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52ceafb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52ceafb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae28298 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae28298\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a37364b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a37364b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/guillements-vert-debut-qqivhdqa96hrs7iypa81s92gvjjhoe8b3iconak6ko.png\" title=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" alt=\"guillements-vert-debut.png\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6a49b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6a49b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-090daed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"090daed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Dogs become fearful and emotionally unstable, all the more so because the collar is often used indiscriminately. This instability increases the risk of aggression, as well as the unpredictability of the dog that, because of its constant state of fear, may bite without warning. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>ELODIE CONTAMIN, VETERINARY BEHAVIORIST<\/p>\n<p><em><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4664\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Elodie.png 765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8d2b26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8d2b26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To our knowledge, the <strong>effectiveness of choke collars has not been specifically studied<\/strong>, but their use is part of so-called &#8220;<strong>negative&#8221; or &#8220;coercive&#8221; education<\/strong> \u2013 the effectiveness of which is <strong>debated<\/strong> among researchers. Indeed, it appears that the use of negative training tends to <strong>diminish the quality of the human-dog relationship<\/strong>, the latter being more likely to show <strong>fear signals<\/strong> in the presence of its owner, whereas a dog trained with positive reinforcement will tend to be <strong>more attentive<\/strong> to its owner<sup id=\"18'\"><a href=\"#18\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. One study also showed that punitive methods were <strong>less effective<\/strong> than positive methods (with rewards) for learning certain tasks, <strong>such as letting go\/giving an object or heeling.<\/strong> In the same study, owners who used punitive methods, including those using a combination of punishment and reward, reported <strong>more behavioral problems with their dogs <\/strong> than those using only positive methods<sup id=\"19'\"><a href=\"#19\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. Finally, the use of coercive methods is likely to <strong>increase the risk of dog aggression<\/strong> towards humans<sup id=\"20'\"><a href=\"#20\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d25d684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d25d684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3810582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3810582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31de07b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31de07b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It appears like the use of shock and choke collars not only can have <strong>a negative impact on dogs&#8217; mental and physical health<\/strong>, but may also be <strong>ineffective.<\/strong> This ineffectiveness may lead owners to <strong>increase shock or choke intensity<\/strong>, which is likely to have a <strong>major impact<\/strong> on the dog&#8217;s state of health. Finally, the potential deterioration in the dog&#8217;s behavior (aggressiveness, unpredictability, deterioration in the human-dog relationship) may lead to its <strong>abandonment<\/strong>, or <strong>euthanasia<\/strong> (in the case of aggressiveness). <\/p>\n<p>Today, <strong>many professionals<\/strong> are <a>in favor of banning this type of device.<\/a> AFVAC issued a note in November 2022 on the physical and psychological impacts of using so-called &#8220;training&#8221; collars (shock, choke and prong collars), and <strong>many associations <\/strong> are campaigning to ban their use. This is particularly true of the Brigitte Bardot Foundation, which strongly supported the bill to ban their use.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276c905 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"276c905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc0e29d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc0e29d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In short<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa75eee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa75eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DW10%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a33967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6a33967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cffd421 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cffd421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4afe2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c4afe2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Elodie\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad4f6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ad4f6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interview of Elodie Contamin, veterinary behaviorist<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c052a0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c052a0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a78bbc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a78bbc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"765\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elodie.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-27492\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elodie.png 765w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elodie-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Elodie-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363084a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"363084a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To round off our discussion, here&#8217;s an interview with behaviorist veterinarian <strong>Elodie Contamin,<\/strong> who shares her views on shock and choke collars <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bba62e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bba62e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Do you often come across dog owners who use electric collars or choke collars?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1b758b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1b758b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>It&#8217;s not systematic<\/strong>, but it happens. And when it does, <strong>there&#8217;s always damage<\/strong> done to the dogs&#8217; behavior. Dogs become <strong>fearful and emotionally unstable<\/strong>, all the more so because the collar is often used indiscriminately. This instability increases the <strong> risk of aggression<\/strong>, as well as <strong>unpredictability<\/strong>, because the dog, in a constant state of fear, <strong>can bite<\/strong> without warning. I&#8217;ve also dealt with two owners who used an electric collar and were bitten by their dog. In this particular case, the dog was so apprehensive about wearing the collar that it attacked its owner when he tried to put it on. As far as choke collars are concerned, owners who report having used them are few, but they systematically tell me how <strong>ineffective the method<\/strong> is for learning to heel.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;d like to point out, however, that I&#8217;m seeing a <strong>reduction in the number of people<\/strong> who have used this type of device before coming to see me. I think people are <strong>becoming more aware.<\/strong> Many of my clients have come to see me because they were <strong> shocked<\/strong> by some of the methods used by certain coercive educators, something I observed much less before. At the same time, I&#8217;ve noticed a <strong>kind of embarrassment<\/strong> on the part of customers who admit to me that they&#8217;ve used an electric collar. This shows that the use of these devices <strong> is less taken for granted<\/strong> than it might have been in the past. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-648b361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"648b361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff91b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ff91b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Have you observed any clinical signs related to the use of these devices? If so, what are they?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-003d56b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"003d56b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In addition to a generalized state of anxiety, <strong>various lesions <\/strong> can be observed on the dogs: <strong> burns<\/strong> on dogs wearing electric collars, and <strong>deformations of the trachea<\/strong> on those wearing choke collars. In some dog clubs, customers have told me of a practice that poses a real problem: <strong>dogs are hung by their leash<\/strong> with their legs no longer touching the ground. In addition to the strangulation and pain induced by the collar, this can also lead to <strong>cervical lesions<\/strong> (spinal displacement, herniated discs), which I have observed in my own practice. This is real <strong>animal abuse.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cde991e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cde991e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd4c24e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd4c24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the alternatives to coercive collars for a dog that runs away or barks inappropriately, for example?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faf5d11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faf5d11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As far as I&#8217;m concerned, a dog that runs away is a dog that&#8217;s <strong>bored at home,<\/strong> either because it hasn&#8217;t been outside enough, or because it hasn&#8217;t been stimulated enough. <strong>Some breeds,<\/strong> however, are more prone to running away, such as pack dogs (Husky type) and hunting dogs (Beagle type). These dogs are genetically more independent and need to run, track and sniff. It&#8217;s up to the owner <strong>to choose the breed<\/strong> that best suits his or her needs. If, despite everything, your dog has a tendency to run away, it&#8217;s better to <strong> leave it indoors<\/strong> when you\u2019re away, while allowing it to <strong>move freely and have the social interaction it needs<\/strong> with you outside. <strong> A dog alone in a garden is not necessarily happy<\/strong>, especially if it can\u2019t get out and about: in this case, the garden is simply <strong>a bigger prison.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As for barking, in my opinion it&#8217;s <strong>one of the most complicated things to manage,<\/strong> because there&#8217;s also a <strong>conditioning<\/strong> effect on the human, who thinks he&#8217;s stopping the barking and interacts with his dog, actually <strong>reinforcing its behavior.<\/strong> In this case, the owner needs to be <strong>rigorous<\/strong> and <strong>regular<\/strong>, and this is sometimes difficult to achieve. Then, once again, you have to take into account the <strong>genetic factor<\/strong>: beagles, for example, are dogs genetically programmed to bark when they see prey, as a warning. You really need to be aware of all this when you choose a dog. A dog that barks may be a <strong>bored dog, in need of exercise and occupation, that doesn&#8217;t cope well with its owner&#8217;s absences, but it may also be a dog that alerts<\/strong>, because it has been genetically programmed to do so, or a dog <strong>that has learned to do so <\/strong> to get attention. The problem really is <strong>managing your dog&#8217;s needs,<\/strong> its way of communicating, what you&#8217;re able to tolerate and the level of commitment you&#8217;re capable of. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26a930c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"26a930c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-598c2f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"598c2f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do you define positive education?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c730d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c730d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The aim of positive education is <strong>to make learning fun for the animal.<\/strong> This makes learning <strong>more pleasant and easier<\/strong>, and creates a bond and <strong>cooperation<\/strong> between human and animal. Positive education <strong>does not mean permissive education.<\/strong> In positive training, you can put <strong>constraints on your dog<\/strong>, but the framework is set in a positive way, in the form of <strong> rewards<\/strong>: for example, you may allow your dog to lie on your sofa, but only after asking for <strong>permission<\/strong> (for example, by siting); you can teach your dog to be manipulated, even if this isn&#8217;t initially a pleasant exercise for it. Some dogs will be more difficult than others to teach. In all cases, <strong>owners must be committed <\/strong> and <strong>try to understand <\/strong> how their dog works, how it communicates, what motivates it, and so on. Positive training is training that <strong>takes the dog&#8217;s welfare into account,<\/strong> whereas coercive methods are undeniably <strong>learning through fear.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734c307 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"734c307\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4403304 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"4403304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7131\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7131\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Reference<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7131\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7131\"><p><sup id=\"1\"><a href=\"#1'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#1'\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> Masson S., Nigron I., Gaultier E., 2018. Questionnaire survey on the use of different e-collar types in France in everyday life with a view to providing recommendations for possible future regulations, Journal of Veterinary Behavior 26. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.05.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.05.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"2\"><a href=\"#2'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#2'\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u00ab Rapport du CNR BEA sur les pratiques d\u2019\u00e9ducation canine et leurs impacts sur le bien-\u00eatre des chiens \u00bb available here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnr-bea.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rapport-CNR-BEA-Pratiques-et-outils-d%C3%A9ducation-canine.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cnr-bea.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rapport-CNR-BEA-Pratiques-et-outils-d\u00e9ducation-canine.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"3\"><a href=\"#3'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#3'\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> To find out more about French legislation concerning the use of these collars, please consult our article: <a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/decryptage-de-la-proposition-de-loi-visant-a-interdire-les-colliers-electriques-et-etrangleurs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/decryptage-de-la-proposition-de-loi-visant-a-interdire-les-colliers-electriques-et-etrangleurs\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"4\"><a href=\"#4'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#4'\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> Furthermore, according to Masson et al. (2018), based on the results of a questionnaire sent to owners, anti-bark collars create the most burns. <\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"5\"><a href=\"#5'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#5'\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Schilder, M.B.H., Van Der Borg, J.A.M., 2004. Training dogs with help of the shock collar: Short and long term behavioural effects. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 85. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2003.10.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2003.10.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"6\"><a href=\"#6'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#6'\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> Pauli A.M., Bentley E., Diehl K.A., Miller P.E., 2006. Effects of the application of neck pressure by a collar or harness on intraocular pressure in dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 42(3). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0420207\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0420207<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"7\"><a href=\"#7'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#7'\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Grohmann K., Dickomeit M. J., Schmidt M. J., Kramer M., 2013.Severe brain damage after punitive training technique with a choke chain collar in a German shepherd dog, Journal of Veterinary Behavior 8 (3). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.01.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.01.002<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"8\"><a href=\"#8'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#8'\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> Schalke E, Stichnoth J., Ott S., Jones-Baade R., 2007. Clinical signs caused by the use of electric training collars on dogs in everyday life situations. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 105(4), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.11.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.11.002<\/a>  <\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"9\"><a href=\"#9'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#9'\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> Schilder et al., 2004.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"10\"><a href=\"#10'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#10'\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Schilder et al., 2004.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"11\"><a href=\"#11'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#11'\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> See Ziv, G., 2017. The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs\u2014A review. <em>Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research<\/em> 19, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2017.02.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2017.02.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"12\"><a href=\"#12'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#12'\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> Masson et al., 2018. It&#8217;s important to specify that this proportion is measured by a questionnaire based on the subjective perception of dog owners, and not on the opinion of a professional expert in canine signals and behavior. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#13'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#13'\"><sup id=\"13\">[13]<\/sup> <\/a>China L., Mills D.S., Cooper J.J., 2020. Efficacy of Dog Training With and Without Remote Electronic Collars vs. a Focus on Positive Reinforcement. <em>Frontiers in Veterinary Science<\/em> 7. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.00508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.00508<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"14\"><a href=\"#14'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#14'\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Polsky, R.H., 2000. Can aggression in dogs be elicited through the use of electronic pet containment systems? <em>Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science<\/em> 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327604JAWS0304_6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327604JAWS0304_6<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"15\"><a href=\"#15'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#15'\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> Starinsky, N.S., Lord, L.K., Herron, M.E., 2017. Escape rates and biting histories of dogs confined to their owner\u2019s property through the use of various containment methods. <em>Journal of the<\/em> <em>American Veterinary Medical Association<\/em> 250 (3). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.250.3.297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.250.3.297<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"16\"><a href=\"#16'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#16'\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Schilder et al., 2004.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"17\"><a href=\"#17'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#17'\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> Polsky, 2000.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"18\"><a href=\"#18'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#18'\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> Deldalle, S., Gaunet, F., 2014. Effects of 2 training methods on stress-related behaviors of the dog (Canis familiaris) and on the dog-owner relationship. <em>Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical<\/em> <em>Applications and Research<\/em> 9 (2).<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.11.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2013.11.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"19\"><a href=\"#19'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#19'\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> Hiby, E. F., Rooney, N. J., Bradshaw, J. W. S. 2004. Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare. <em>Animal Welfare<\/em> 13(1). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0962728600026683\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0962728600026683<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"20\"><a href=\"#20'\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#20'\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> Herron M.E., Shofer F.S., Reisner I.R., 2009. Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors. <em>Applied Animal Behaviour Science <\/em>117. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.12.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.12.011<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-593f14d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"593f14d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e0c800 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e0c800\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e7438 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"20e7438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/23-03-Choke-and-shock-collars-are-good-for-dogs-and-their-training-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">download  pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d85c133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d85c133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f12759 elementor-align-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"0f12759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dog\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Shock and choke collars are punitive tools designed to suppress a behavior in a dog deemed undesirable by its owner<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-briefcase-medical\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">These collars have a negative impact on the dog's physical and mental health<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-gift\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Today, the effectiveness of these devices is debated in relation to reward-based education.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd7df7 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2bd7df7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94e67c elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b94e67c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Figure<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89ddec3 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"89ddec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">19%<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ad160 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37ad160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>of dog trainers believe that an electric collar <strong>does not affect a dog&#8217;s welfare<\/strong> if used properly.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd4cdce elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd4cdce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add37aa elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"add37aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"127\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/guillements-vert-debut.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-27136\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f12c6b elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f12c6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>We have dogs that become fearful and emotionally unstable, because the collar is often used in the wrong way. This instability increases the risk of aggression, as well as the unpredictability of the dog who, because of its constant state of fear, may bite without warning. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451e2fa elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"451e2fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/guillements-vert-fin.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-27751\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53039a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"53039a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7500e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7500e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ELODIE CONTAMIN, veterinary behaviorist<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1a07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ce1a07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a40ae9c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a40ae9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c42b6b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3c42b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-999cd40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"999cd40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffe2e8b elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"ffe2e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26880 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-pets especes-horses media-popular-beliefs\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/horses-dont-need-to-lie-down-to-rest-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26882\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Couverture-cheval-debout_ENG-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/horses-dont-need-to-lie-down-to-rest-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tHorses don&#8217;t need to lie down to rest, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17706 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-interviews themes-other-animals media-videos-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-18377\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Other animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\">\n\t\t\t\tUrban animal welfare\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26663 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-pets especes-cats media-popular-beliefs media-videos-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/we-should-let-stray-cats-be-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9625\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-8.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/we-should-let-stray-cats-be-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tWe should let stray cats be, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26746 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-pets especes-dogs media-infographics-en\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-dogs\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26805\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/vignette_ENG.png 1081w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-dogs\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecies sheet &#8211; All about dogs!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Choke and shock collars are sometimes used for pet training, but are they good for dogs? We tell you more!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"themes":[299],"especes":[298],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-28568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","themes-pets","especes-dogs","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28568"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30513,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28568\/revisions\/30513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28568"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=28568"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=28568"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=28568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}