{"id":26071,"date":"2023-10-11T09:17:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T07:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-true-or-false\/"},"modified":"2024-07-26T14:21:54","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T12:21:54","slug":"nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-true-or-false","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-true-or-false\/","title":{"rendered":"Nothing is being done to protect animals in slaughterhouses, TRUE or FALSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26071\" class=\"elementor elementor-26071 elementor-14765\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eef3474 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6eef3474\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f0d0713 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f0d0713\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e5057 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21e5057\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee347d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7ee347d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-14933\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b28b41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77b28b41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-274f83b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"274f83b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4809dddb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4809dddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-14933\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Couverture-abattoir-insta_Plan-de-travail-1-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eeb2e46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"6eeb2e46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">FALSE<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Initially focused on the notion of food hygiene, the laws governing slaughterhouse operations have gradually incorporated the issue of animal protection throughout the slaughter process. Improving this protection relies on staff training and changes in practices.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2093cf86 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2093cf86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9369efd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9369efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/23-10-Nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">telecharger l'article pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-349f4dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"349f4dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8eb6e elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"cf8eb6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-hand-holding-heart\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In France, animals are protected, including in slaughterhouses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-thumbs-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In French slaughterhouses, \"animal protection\" is the relevant terminology, not \"welfare\".<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-balance-scale\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Regulations call for appropriate equipment, trained personnel, daily checks and increased penalties in the event of violations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cad3c2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cad3c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The creation of slaughterhouses in the 19th century and their industrialization have <strong>gradually distanced <\/strong> citizens from the reality of animal slaughtering Nowadays, <strong>the vast majority of consumers<\/strong> are unaware of the conditions under which the animals they eat are being slaughtered. They are <strong>also unaware of the regulations<\/strong> governing slaughter, particularly those concerning animal protection<sup id=\"1'\"><a href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-137f88ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"137f88ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79966169 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79966169\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29d9dee9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"29d9dee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b7d20f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"7b7d20f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>\"Animal protection\" refers to standards designed to prevent animal suffering and abuse. In the slaughterhouse, where animals are put to death, this term is preferred to \"animal welfare\", which expresses a sustainable state involving a positive mental state.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b821fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b821fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Moreover, cases of mistreatment reported by the media following investigations carried out by abolitionist associations are often <strong>the only information<\/strong> available to the public, fuelling both <strong>mistrust <\/strong> and <strong>disconnection<\/strong> from the reality of slaughter conditions.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>What are the existing regulations protecting animals in slaughterhouses? How are they being enforced?<\/strong><\/em> The Chaire bien-\u00eatre animal team explains it all in this article!<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with a brief <strong>history<\/strong> of slaughterhouses. Next, we&#8217;ll have a look at how <strong>regulations<\/strong> govern all stages of animal slaughter. Finally, we&#8217;ll see how <strong>government services<\/strong> monitor compliance with these regulations and ensure animal protection in slaughterhouses. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eba7d15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3eba7d15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-534ce481 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"534ce481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The history of slaughterhouses in France<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-690c37d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"690c37d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aba5ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9aba5ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb9892a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb9892a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Napoleon_ENG-1280x846.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26242\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Napoleon_ENG-1280x846.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Napoleon_ENG-500x330.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Napoleon_ENG-768x507.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Napoleon_ENG.png 1415w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39cd58a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39cd58a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5308b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5308b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In France, <strong>Napoleon I\u2019s<\/strong> i<strong>mperial decree of February 9, 1810<\/strong>, instituted the <strong>first abattoirs<\/strong>, which opened in <strong>1818<\/strong>, right in the heart of Paris. The concentration in a single location of what were known at the time as &#8220;<strong><em>tueries individuelles<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; (&#8220;individual killing places&#8221;) serves both a <strong>sanitary <\/strong> and a <strong>moral purpose<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e932345 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e932345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The former aims to <strong>improve meat safety control<\/strong> and <strong>reduce the nuisance<\/strong> caused by waste disposal. The latter is designed to <strong>protect the public from<\/strong> the spectacle of animals being killed for human consumption. Until then, livestock was <strong>killed by the butchers themselves<\/strong>, in spaces adjoining their stalls and <strong>opening onto the street<\/strong>. These &#8221; tueries individuelles&#8221; served both as <strong>annexes<\/strong> to the meat cutting plant and as <strong>sewers<\/strong>. However, according to some historians and philosophers such as <strong>Montaigne<\/strong> and <strong>Kant<\/strong>, acts of violence perpetrated against animals <strong>lead to increased levels of violence <\/strong> between humans themselves<sup id=\"2'\"><a href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Due to resistance on the butchers\u2019 part, the development of slaughterhouses <strong>was slow<\/strong> in France. In 1938, more than a century after their creation, there were just about <strong>1,781 abattoirs<\/strong> in France, while some <strong>30,000 &#8220;tueries individuelles&#8221;<\/strong> still existed. The 1941 <strong>ban<\/strong> on these places brought the number of abattoirs <strong>to 3,327 by 1948<\/strong> <sup id=\"3'\"><a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dc0f9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8dc0f9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b59b7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25b59b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bddeb50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bddeb50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Please note <\/strong> <\/h5>\n<p>In 2021, France only counted <strong>240 slaughterhouses<\/strong> producing <strong>3.7 million<\/strong> tons of meat (dressed weight) per year (<em>in order of importance: pigs, cattle, sheep and goats, horses<\/em>)<sup id=\"4'\"><a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. There are also over <strong>600 registered poultry and rabbit slaughterhouses,<\/strong> of which only about one hundred have significant activity (over 500 tons per year), according to FranceAgriMer<sup id=\"5'\"><a href=\"#5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. In 2021, they produced <strong>1.1 million tons of poultry<\/strong><sup id=\"6'\"><a href=\"#6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa90ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1aa90ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6f497f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e6f497f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"632\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Abattoirs-porcs-1-768x632-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14773\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Abattoirs-porcs-1-768x632-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Abattoirs-porcs-1-768x632-1-500x411.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d44c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41d44c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the 1980s, taking into account the <strong>animal&#8217;s point of view<\/strong> led to considerable <strong>changes<\/strong> in infrastructure, particularly in the United States A pioneer in this field, <strong>Temple Grandin<\/strong>, a professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Colorado, used the fact that cattle <strong>naturally<\/strong> move in groups <strong>along curves<\/strong> to design wide, curved circuits<strong> for slaughterhouses<\/strong>, facilitating the movement of cattle <strong>without constraint<\/strong> : animal protection is improved and slaughterhouse performance is enhanced. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb4b6bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb4b6bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c159e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c159e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-1280x351.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26244\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-1280x351.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-500x137.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-768x211.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-1536x421.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Chemin-animaux_ENG-2048x562.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-552688b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"552688b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Developments in <strong>ethology<\/strong> and the <strong>growing pressure<\/strong> exerted by society have led slaughterhouses \u2013 which were initially designed to protect human sensitivity \u2013 <strong>to make animal sensitivity a priority as well<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544585a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"544585a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6376db4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6376db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slaughterhouse operators' animal protection obligations<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bb8c8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bb8c8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After presenting the general rules that apply to slaughterhouse operations in the European Union, we&#8217;ll take a closer look at the issue of stunning prior to bleeding and the training of slaughterhouse personnel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1592418f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1592418f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">European regulatory framework [7]<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60076e26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60076e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the EU level, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:303:0001:0030:FR:PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Regulation (EC) N\u00b01099\/2009<\/a> is <strong>the framework for<\/strong> the protection of farm animals at the time of killing. It is based on the following basic principle: &#8220;<strong>animals must be spared avoidable pain, distress or suffering at every stage of the killing process<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48c6526 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48c6526\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85088f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"85088f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Sch\u00e9ma \u00e9tapes_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYyNDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMFwvU2NoZW1hLWV0YXBlc19FTkcucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG-1280x669.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26246\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG-1280x669.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG-500x261.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG-1536x803.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schema-etapes_ENG.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f78dc40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f78dc40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe key provisions of Council Regulation (EC) no. 1099\/2009 came into force in January 2013 and were clarified and translated into French law<a href=\"#8\"><sup id=\"8'\">[8]<\/sup><\/a>. <strong>They state the following<\/strong><a id=\"9'\"><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adccdc9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"adccdc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6734e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e6734e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Mesures r\u00e9glement_ENG\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYyNTEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMFwvTWVzdXJlcy1yZWdsZW1lbnRfRU5HLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-1280x696.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26251\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-1280x696.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-500x272.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-768x418.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-1536x835.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Mesures-reglement_ENG-2048x1113.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf3524d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf3524d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6a06d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6a06d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cf76cf elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9cf76cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f1de3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"44f1de3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to regulation (EC) N\u00b01099\/2009, the use of instruments which administer electric shocks, commonly known as electroshocking, is to be avoided whenever possible. These can only be used to stimulate adult cattle and pigs that refuse to move when they have room to do so. The animals subjected to them must not show any particular weakness. Shocks may only be applied to the muscles of the hindquarters, must not last longer than 1 second, and must be suitably spaced. Finally, they must not be repeated if the animal does not react <a href=\"#13\">[13]<\/a>.  <a><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e91f69 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e91f69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554938f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"554938f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"83\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Le-saviez-vous.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14938\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Le-saviez-vous.png 1014w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Le-saviez-vous-500x52.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Le-saviez-vous-768x80.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54e0a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"54e0a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ca7bc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ca7bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pre-bleeding stunning management<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d59602d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d59602d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Stunning prior to bleeding<\/strong> is <strong>required by law<\/strong>. This aims to render the animal <strong>unconscious<\/strong>, i.e. <strong>insensitive <\/strong> to stimuli from its environment or body. As animals of the species in question are capable of both positive and negative emotions, unconsciousness <strong>prevents them from experiencing pain and fear<\/strong> during the killing process.<sup id=\"14'\"><a href=\"#14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>There are three main methods of stunning used in slaughterhouses: <strong><em>mechanical, electrical and gas stunning<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd8e5b6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd8e5b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f28f88f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f28f88f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG-1280x612.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26258\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG-1280x612.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG-500x239.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG-768x367.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG-1536x734.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Types-etourdissement_ENG.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fc5696 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fc5696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The animal must be kept in a state of deep <strong>unconsciousness and insensibility<\/strong> until death.<sup id=\"15'\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-true-or-false\/#15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. To monitor the animal&#8217;s state of unconsciousness, each <strong>operator <\/strong> uses a <strong>combination of indicators<\/strong>.<sup id=\"16'\"><a href=\"#16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e6928 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84e6928\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5397ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d5397ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-1280x597.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26265\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-1280x597.png 1280w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-500x233.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-768x358.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-1536x717.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Indicateurs-conscience_ENG-2048x956.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-754ccea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"754ccea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It should be noted that certain behavioral manifestations, while visually <strong>impressive<\/strong>, do not necessarily reflect a state of consciousness on the part of the animal: this is the case, for example, with <strong>non-oriented reflex movements of the limbs and head in cattle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In any case, <strong>doubt must benefit the animal: the presence of a single sign suggestive of a risk of consciousness must lead to a second immediate stunning. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In addition to <strong>permanent and systematic control<\/strong>, <strong>additional random control<\/strong> \u2013 supervised by the Animal Protection Officer (APO) \u2013 is carried out through sampling. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4477be8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4477be8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0310f98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0310f98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-802facb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"802facb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udccc <strong>What about slaughter without stunning? <\/strong> <\/h5>\n<p>Certain <strong>religious<\/strong> slaughtering practices, notably those of Jews and Muslims, are <strong>incompatible<\/strong> with stunning prior to bleeding<strong>.<\/strong> In these cases, animals can be slaughtered <strong>without having been rendered<\/strong> unconscious beforehand. <br \/>Although there is <strong>no official position<\/strong> from religious authorities on this subject, <strong>post-slaughter stunning, known as &#8220;relief&#8221;<\/strong>, is sometimes practiced to limit the animal&#8217;s suffering.<br \/>In France, ritual slaughter must take place in <strong>slaughterhouses<\/strong>.<sup id=\"17'\"><a href=\"#17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. These must comply with the <strong>following requirements:<\/strong> <sup id=\"18'\"><a href=\"#18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>  :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Have an <strong>authorization<\/strong> issued by the departmental prefect; <\/li>\n<li><strong>Personnel must be trained in the specificities<\/strong> of slaughter without stunning (see part III);<\/li>\n<li>Have <strong>commercial orders<\/strong> for ritual slaughter requiring the use of this derogation and proving the number of animals concerned;<\/li>\n<li> Ritual slaughter must be done by <strong>licensed personnel authorized <\/strong> by approved religious bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c71700 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"71c71700\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dfa5f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dfa5f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operator training<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e21a89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e21a89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The way animals are <strong>handled <\/strong> has a <strong>major impact<\/strong> on their protection. According to the EFSA, (European Food Safety Authority), the main threats to animal protection are directly linked to a <strong>lack of staff skills or training<\/strong>, resulting in <strong>inappropriate<\/strong> handling and <strong>poorly designed<\/strong> facilities.<sup id=\"19'\"><a href=\"#19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>To guarantee <strong>a minimum level of training<\/strong> for slaughterhouse operators, regulation (EC) N\u00b01099\/2009 requires them to hold a <strong><em>Certificate of Competence <\/em><\/strong>relevant to the operations they perform: handling and care of animals, or killing with or without prior stunning (in French, CCPA or Certificat de Comp\u00e9tence &#8220;Protection des Animaux dans le cadre de leur mise \u00e0 mort&#8221;). The <strong><em>APO<\/em><\/strong> must hold a <strong>Certificate of Competence for all categories of activity<\/strong> in the facility in which he or she is employed.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of the considered certificate, the training program focuses on <strong>three areas:<\/strong><sup id=\"20'\"><a href=\"#20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Animal knowledge<\/strong> (<em>behavior, physiology, consciousness, sensitivity<\/em>) and the fundamental principles determining favorable interaction between operator and animal in common practice,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Knowledge of regulations <\/strong> determining conduct in everyday situations,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technical gesture knowledge. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Training lasts a <strong>minimum of 7 hours for operators and 14 hours for APOs<\/strong>, with an additional day of training specific to APO missions. Upon successful completion of the individual end-of-training assessment, the issued certificate of competence is <strong>valid for 5 years<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21afda8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"21afda8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1b8d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e1b8d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-692551a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"692551a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udccc <strong>What you need to know!<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>In 2022, all categories considered, there were <strong>29,982 candidates<\/strong> for the CCPA: 29,762 passed the assessment, i.e. <strong>99.27%<\/strong><sup id=\"21'\"><a href=\"#21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa66c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fa66c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Only certain training organizations can provide CCPA preparation training. They must be accredited by the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty, following a rigorous analysis of the offered training.<sup id=\"22'\"><a href=\"#22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. This accreditation is valid for <strong>5 years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The list of organizations authorized to provide CCPA training can be consulted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000047901843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>. It is updated regularly. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73e87b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"73e87b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f22b32e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f22b32e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Official control of animal protection in slaughterhouses<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07db5fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07db5fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After explaining the <strong>role of veterinary <\/strong> inspection services within slaughterhouses, we&#8217;ll look at how inspection has been <strong>impacted by media coverage <\/strong> of recent cases of animal mistreatment in slaughterhouses.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c21606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6c21606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4bbac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e4bbac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operator training<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c21de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13c21de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Slaughterhouses\u2019 production activity is subjected to the <strong>official inspection service\u2019s permanent presence<\/strong> in the facility: this model is a <strong>French exception.<\/strong> Each facility must therefore house a <strong><em>veterinary inspection service (SVI),<\/em><\/strong> made up of <strong>one or more official veterinarians backed up by official auxiliaries<\/strong>. These state agents are part of the services of the Directions D\u00e9partementales de la Protection des Populations (DDPP).<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>only exception<\/strong> is <strong>poultry and rabbit slaughterhouses<\/strong>, where the inspection system was reformed in 2012<sup id=\"23'\"><a href=\"#23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup> therefore authorizing <strong>slaughterhouse staff <\/strong> to take part in inspections. Previously <strong>trained for this purpose<\/strong> by bodies authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture, staff are placed <strong>under the control and responsibility of the SVI<\/strong> who, even if <strong>not present on a permanent basis<\/strong>, assess their work regularly. <\/p>\n<p>To ensure compliance with animal protection regulations, the SVI carries out three different types of inspections: <strong><em>systematic, regular and annual<\/em><\/strong><sup id=\"24'\"><a href=\"#24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-affe156 close elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"affe156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Systematic controls<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1841\"><p><strong>Each animal is subjected to a mandatory ante-mortem inspection (AMI) before slaughter by the SVI.<\/strong><sup id=\"25'\"><a href=\"#25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. For rabbits and poultry, inspection may not be carried out on all animals, but may be limited to a <strong> representative sample<\/strong> from each breeding site. This inspection must be carried out <strong>within 24 hours <\/strong> of the animals&#8217; arrival at the slaughterhouse, and <strong>less than 24 hours<\/strong> before slaughter.<\/p>\n<p>This stage enables to <strong>identify any animal<\/strong> that <strong>should be excluded from human consumption<\/strong>, and to <strong>prioritize slaughter<\/strong>: a stressed animal with dangerous behavior, or an animal showing signs of weakness following transport, <strong>will be given priority for slaughter<\/strong>. It is also an opportunity to detect <strong>any violations that may have been committed<\/strong>, during the animal&#8217;s breeding or transport to the slaughterhouse.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Regular checks<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1842\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1842\"><p>SVI presence at stunning and killing stations is <strong>not permanent. <\/strong> The various stations in the slaughterhouse are <strong>inspected regularly and without notice throughout the year. <\/strong> The number and frequency of these inspections depend on the <strong>guidelines<\/strong> laid down at the beginning of the year by the Ministry of Agriculture, and on the <strong>results<\/strong> of previous inspections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Annual inspections<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1843\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1843\"><p>At least once a year, the veterinary inspection service schedules a <strong>full animal protection inspection<\/strong> of the slaughterhouse. On this occasion, <strong>all slaughter lines, all species and categories of animals slaughtered, and all slaughter methods are inspected<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca34732 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca34732\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd5611d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd5611d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d3c7c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d3c7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udccc <strong>What you need to know!<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>In 2019, <strong>1,500 inspectors<\/strong> carried out official checks in French slaughterhouses<sup id=\"26'\"><a href=\"#26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c47768c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c47768c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Despite this solid regulatory foundation, there are sometimes <strong>abuses<\/strong> in certain establishments, <strong>regularly highlighted <\/strong> by animal protection associations. In March 2016, association L214 released images of mistreatment and even acts of cruelty perpetrated against animals <strong>in several French slaughterhouses.<\/strong> However, some images that the public may find shocking <strong>do not necessarily indicate non-compliance<\/strong>: for example, animals on the bleeding rail showing reflex movements despite being in a state of deep unconsciousness. <\/p>\n<p>However, the publication of these videos has led to <strong>a number of actions on the part of public authorities<\/strong>, listed below. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a9716c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a9716c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8776290 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8776290\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20fa9d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c20fa9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43d916e elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"43d916e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>For a carcass to be stamped as fit for consumption, it must have: <br \/>- A favorable AMI state (animal correctly identified, clean and healthy);<br \/>- A favorable PMI state (carcass healthy and safe); <\/p>\n<p>- Been slaughtered in compliance with regulations (particularly in terms of animal protection).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0fe98c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0fe98c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a77f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7a77f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"210\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Le-saviez-vous-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14994\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a150026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a150026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c99abbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c99abbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consequences of media coverage of slaughterhouse mistreatment for official controls<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae67a01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae67a01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3292eb90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3292eb90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-455d8406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"455d8406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-audit-768x768-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14999\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-audit-768x768-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-audit-768x768-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-audit-768x768-1-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-712d9a2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"712d9a2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47f9ea90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47f9ea90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Audits of all French slaughterhouses<\/strong>: immediately after the videos were published, the then Minister of Agriculture, St\u00e9phane Le Foll, asked prefects to carry out an animal protection inspection of all French slaughterhouses \u2013 259 establishments at the time \u2013 within one month. The audit, published in May 2016, reported that<sup id=\"27'\"><a href=\"#27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>  :\n<ul>\n<li>69% of plants had a satisfactory (20%) to acceptable (49%) level of animal protection control; the level of risk control was judged insufficient in 31% of cases; the most serious non-conformities led to immediate action, up to and including shutdown of operations: this concerned 19 slaughter lines, i.e. less than 5% of all inspected lines;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Progress was to be made in terms of staff training and internal control of the effectiveness of animal protection measures, as operators were not always able to prove all taken animal protection measures. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Progress was still needed in terms of staff training and internal control of the effectiveness of animal protection measures, as operators were not always able to prove all taken animal protection measures. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4c827 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e4c827\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76a6d8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d76a6d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba085e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba085e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udcccOne Health\/One Welfare<\/h5>\n<p>The &#8220;One Health&#8221; or &#8220;One Welfare&#8221; concept also applies to slaughterhouses, where <strong>working conditions can be difficult.<\/strong> A 2003 study<sup id=\"28'\"><a href=\"#28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> on the working conditions in slaughterhouses in Brittany revealed that <strong>89% of men and 92% of women had suffered from a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)<\/strong> in the previous twelve months. This constant pain, which can cause irreversible impairments, undoubtedly has an impact on the <strong>quality of animal handling<\/strong>. What&#8217;s more, the daily confrontation with the violence of killing animals leads 40% of men and 45% of women to declare that their work is <strong>psychologically demanding..<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf37624 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf37624\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0385105 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0385105\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2e0a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d2e0a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-commission-denquete-768x769-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15005\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-commission-denquete-768x769-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-commission-denquete-768x769-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-commission-denquete-768x769-1-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-556693b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"556693b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-332294c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"332294c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Creation of a commission of inquiry into slaughter conditions<\/strong>: chaired by MP <strong>Olivier Falorni<\/strong>, this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/fiches\/19500-quest-ce-quune-commission-denquete-parlementaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">parliamentary commission of inquiry <\/a> set out to <strong>assess<\/strong> abattoirs\u2019 slaughter conditions. To this end, it held some <strong>forty hearings with industry players<\/strong> and carried out <strong>field visits<\/strong>, some of them <strong>unannounced<\/strong> The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/14\/pdf\/rap-enq\/r4038-ti.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">report<\/a> contains <strong>65 proposals for changing practices <\/strong> to improve animal protection during the sensitive slaughter process. Some of these measures were <strong>quickly taken up<\/strong> and <strong>implemented<\/strong>, notably the creation of an ethics committee and the introduction of a video surveillance experiment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74e0871 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74e0871\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bce0a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23bce0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eab94b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1eab94b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-CNEab-1-768x767-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15010\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-CNEab-1-768x767-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-CNEab-1-768x767-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-CNEab-1-768x767-1-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d48c378 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d48c378\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a6246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a6246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Creation of a <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/quest-ce-que-le-comite-national-dethique-des-abattoirs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Comit\u00e9 national d&#8217;\u00e9thique des abattoirs <\/a> (CNEAb)<\/strong>: this was set up <strong>in 2017<\/strong> after the Minister of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty<sup id=\"29'\"><a href=\"#29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup> had seized the Conseil national de l&#8217;alimentation (CNA). This <strong>independent advisory body<\/strong> is a tool to support public decision-making. It is also tasked with issuing opinions for decision-makers and various players in the food industry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57cf3ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57cf3ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a63b57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a63b57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46134e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46134e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-video-surveillance-768x768-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15015\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-video-surveillance-768x768-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-video-surveillance-768x768-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-video-surveillance-768x768-1-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-790feca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"790feca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eee418c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eee418c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Video surveillance experimentation<\/strong>: the so-called &#8220;Egalim&#8221; law, enacted in 2018, incorporated the implementation of a <strong>video surveillance system within slaughterhouses<\/strong> in a <strong>voluntary and experimental <\/strong> framework, for a period of two years<sup id=\"30'\"><a href=\"#30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<p>The <strong>evaluation report on this experiment<\/strong>, published in June 2021, indicates that <strong>only five slaughterhouses<\/strong> have volunteered. However, the conclusions are unanimous: <em>&#8220;They are unanimously satisfied with the system, which they find useful and practical. No one wants to abolish it<\/em> &#8220;. The authors of the report conclude &#8220;<em>the video inspection system is a tool for progress, helping to reduce non-conformity in animal protection control procedures in slaughterhouses<\/em>&#8220;<sup id=\"31'\"><a href=\"#31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>.  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20ec2d37 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20ec2d37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f7adf78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f7adf78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-500e4dc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"500e4dc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/guillements-vert-debut-q44y853hdpw5k2zr6r0yay10aows10zlt5loh1diko.png\" title=\"guillements-vert-debut\" alt=\"guillements-vert-debut\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17bea3b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17bea3b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a4a1837 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a4a1837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em> Although not part of this scheme, many other French slaughterhouses are experimenting with or using video surveillance, including for increasing their level of animal protection control.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>CECILE BOURGUET, DOCTOR IN ETHOLOGY AND STRESS PHYSIOLOGY<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27d521d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27d521d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deb1c8e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"deb1c8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67349c0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67349c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-901ee1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"901ee1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The presence of video surveillance systems in certain live animal handling areas is required to obtain levels A and B of the Animal Welfare Label. This label, based on a set of indicators assessing the entire life of the animal from birth to slaughter, currently only concerns broilers. <a href=\"#32\">[32]<\/a>.  <a><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-310fce6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"310fce6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4836cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4836cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eda23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5eda23a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-delit-de-maltraitance-768x769-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15026\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-delit-de-maltraitance-768x769-1.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-delit-de-maltraitance-768x769-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-delit-de-maltraitance-768x769-1-260x260.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3625af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3625af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84542e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84542e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Creation of the mistreatment in slaughterhouses offense: the Egalim law extends the offence of mistreatment in the course of a professional activity to slaughterhouses and doubles the penalties incurred.<sup id=\"33'\"><a href=\"#33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. From now on: &#8221; <em>Any person operating [&#8230;] a slaughterhouse [&#8230;] who mistreats or allows mistreatment of animals in his\/her care without necessity is liable to one year&#8217;s imprisonment and a \u20ac15,000 fine&#8221;<\/em> (article L215-11 of the French Rural and Maritime Fishing Code).<br \/>In addition, individuals responsible for mistreatment of animals are also liable to the additional penalties of being banned, permanently or otherwise, from owning an animal and from exercising, either permanently or temporarily (in the latter case for a period not exceeding five years) a professional or social activity involving animals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd1f479 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd1f479\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9f4cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f9f4cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d66d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21d66d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\ud83d\udcccInfringements specific to slaughterhouse operations<\/h5>\n<p>Failure to immobilize animals prior to stunning, bleeding or suspending a conscious animal, or performing ritual slaughter without having been authorized to do so, constitutes <strong>a 4th-class contravention punishable by a \u20ac750 fine<\/strong>  (<em>(article R215-8 of the French Rural and Maritime Fishing Code).<\/em>).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80155b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80155b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the increase in control pressure is limited by the shortage of staff in the veterinary services<sup id=\"34'\"><a href=\"#34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>, these new devices are an important complement to animal protection controls in slaughterhouses.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432b066d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"432b066d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f30f232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f30f232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ce561 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ce561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The entry into force of European regulations ten years ago has led to <strong>greater consideration being given to animals<\/strong> in the special context of slaughterhouses: standardized operating procedures, the presence of an Animal Protection Officer, compulsory training for all operators, and so on. <\/p>\n<p>However, several acts of mistreatment that occurred in slaughterhouses and were publicized in the media <strong>led lawmakers to change national regulations too<\/strong>, notably by creating the offence of mistreatment in a slaughterhouse. <\/p>\n<p>To minimize the physical and psychological suffering of animals in slaughterhouses, in addition to exemplary sanctions, <strong>regulations and operator training must evolve <\/strong> simultaneously to take into account new knowledge resulting from research into animal behavior and sensitivity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341b128a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"341b128a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590aaec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"590aaec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In short<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c979157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c979157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Illustration fin r\u00e9sum\u00e9_ENG_Plan de travail 1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYyNjksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMFwvSWxsdXN0cmF0aW9uLWZpbi1yZXN1bWVfRU5HX1BsYW4tZGUtdHJhdmFpbC0xLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3334\" height=\"3334\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26269\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1.png 3334w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Illustration-fin-resume_ENG_Plan-de-travail-1-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3334px) 100vw, 3334px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-330eb682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"330eb682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-546d0abc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"546d0abc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Article reviewed and corrected by <strong>C\u00e9cile Bourguet<\/strong>, PhD in ethology and stress physiology, head of the Bureau Etudes et Travaux de Recherche en Ethologie et Bien-\u00eatre Animal (ETRE), author of several scientific publications on the subject of animal protection in slaughterhouses.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fd9500 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8fd9500\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76fe2c2a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"76fe2c2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1991\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1991\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Reference<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1991\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1991\"><p><sup id=\"1\"><a href=\"#1'\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/14\/pdf\/rap-enq\/r4038-ti.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rapport n\u00b04038 fait au nom de la commission d\u2019enqu\u00eate sur les conditions d\u2019abattage des animaux de boucherie dans les abattoirs fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"2\"><a href=\"#2'\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Maurice Agulhon, \u00ab Le sang des b\u00eates : le probl\u00e8me de la protection des animaux en France au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle \u00bb, Romantisme n\u00b0 31, 1981, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/criminologie--9782340063105-page-178.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/criminologie\u20139782340063105-page-178.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"3\"><a href=\"#3'\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/bavf_0001-4192_2018_num_171_2_1407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">De la place de l\u2019inspection v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire en abattoir en sant\u00e9 publique v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire.<\/a> \u00c9volutions et perspectives. Anne-Marie Vanelle. Bulletin de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de France Ann\u00e9e 2018 171-2 pp. 106-116<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"4\"><a href=\"#4'\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/la-protection-animale-dans-les-abattoirs-de-boucherie-en-france-questions-reponses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agriculture.gouv.fr : La protection animale dans les abattoirs de boucherie en France<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"5\"><a href=\"#5'\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceagrimer.fr\/content\/download\/70466\/document\/FICHE_FILIERE_VOLAILLE_DE_CHAIR%202023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.franceagrimer.fr\/content\/download\/70466\/document\/FICHE_FILIERE_VOLAILLE_DE_CHAIR%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#6'\"><sup id=\"6\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr\/agreste-web\/download\/publication\/publie\/Chd2215\/cd2022-15_SAA_2021D%C3%A9finiifV2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr\/agreste-web\/download\/publication\/publie\/Chd2215\/cd2022-15_SAA_2021D%C3%A9finiifV2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"7\"><a href=\"#7'\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:303:0001:0030:FR:PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00e8glement (CE) N\u00b0 1099\/2009 du Conseil du 24 septembre 2009 sur la protection des animaux au moment de leur mise \u00e0 mort<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"8\"><a href=\"#8'\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> R214-63 \u00e0 R214-81 du Code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime, Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 12 d\u00e9cembre 1997 relatif aux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u2019immobilisation, d\u2019\u00e9tourdissement et de mise \u00e0 mort des animaux et aux conditions de protection animale dans les abattoirs<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"9\"><a href=\"#9'\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : article 6<\/p>\n<p><sup><a href=\"#9'\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : article 6<\/p>\n<p><sup><a href=\"#9'\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/le-plan-gouvernemental-pour-la-protection-et-lamelioration-du-bien-etre-animal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/le-plan-gouvernemental-pour-la-protection-et-lamelioration-du-bien-etre-animal<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defenseurdesdroits.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/ddd_guide-lanceurs-alertes_maj2023_20230223.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.defenseurdesdroits.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/ddd_guide-lanceurs-alertes_maj2023_20230223.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup><a href=\"#9'\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : articles 7 et 21, Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 31 juillet 2012 relatif aux conditions de d\u00e9livrance du certificat de comp\u00e9tence concernant la protection des animaux dans le cadre de leur mise \u00e0 mort<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"13\"><a href=\"#9'\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : annexe III \u2013 1.9<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"14\"><a href=\"#14'\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.inrae.fr\/hal-02638116\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Claudia C. Terlouw, C\u00e9cile Bourguet, V\u00e9ronique Deiss. La conscience, l\u2019inconscience et la mort dans le contexte de l\u2019abattage. Partie I. M\u00e9canismes neurobiologiques impliqu\u00e9s lors de l\u2019\u00e9tourdissement et de la mise \u00e0 mort. La revue fran\u00e7aise de la recherche en viandes et produits carn\u00e9s, 2015, 31 (2-2), pp.1-20.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"15\"><a href=\"#15'\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : article 4, Code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime : article R214-70<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"16\"><a href=\"#16'\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Terlouw C., Bourguet C., Deiss V., 2016a. Consciousness, unconsciousness and death in the context of slaughter. Part I. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying stunning and killing. Meat Sci., 118, 133-146.<\/p>\n<p>Terlouw C., Bourguet C., Deiss V., 2016b. Consciousness, unconsciousness and death in the context of slaughter. Part II. Evaluation methods. Meat Sci., 118,147-156.<br \/>Terlouw, E.M.C., Ducreux B., Bourguet, C., 2021a. Particularit\u00e9s neurobiologiques et physiologiques des diff\u00e9rentes techniques d\u2019abattage \u2013 Abattage avec et sans \u00e9tourdissement : conscience et induction de l\u2019inconscience (partie 1). Viandes &amp; Produits Carn\u00e9s, VPC-2021-3725.<\/p>\n<p>Terlouw, E.M.C., Ducreux B., Bourguet, C., 2021b. Sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s des indicateurs de conscience et d\u2019inconscience selon les m\u00e9thodes d\u2019abattage. Abattage avec et sans \u00e9tourdissement : \u00e9valuation pratique de l\u2019inconscience (partie 2). Viandes &amp; Produits Carn\u00e9s, VPC-2021-3726<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"17\"><a href=\"#17'\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b01099\/2009 : article 4.4, Code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime : articles R214-70 et 73<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"18\"><a href=\"#18'\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> Code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime : articles R214-70 et 75, Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 28 d\u00e9cembre 2011 relatif aux conditions d\u2019autorisation des \u00e9tablissements d\u2019abattage \u00e0 d\u00e9roger \u00e0 l\u2019obligation d\u2019\u00e9tourdissement des animaux<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"19\"><a href=\"#19'\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/6275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare. Welfare of cattle at slaughter. EFSA J. 2020, 18, 6275<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"20\"><a href=\"#20'\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/LEGITEXT000026297202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 31 juillet 2012 relatif aux conditions de d\u00e9livrance du certificat de comp\u00e9tence concernant la protection des animaux dans le cadre de leur mise \u00e0 mort<\/a> \u2013 Annexe II<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"21\"><a href=\"#21'\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> Source interne DGER<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"22\"><a href=\"#22'\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> Depuis 2023, c\u2019est la Chaire bien-\u00eatre animal qui assure la mission d\u2019instruction technique des demandes d\u2019habilitation pour le compte de la DGAL.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"23\"><a href=\"#23'\">[23]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000025061193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 30 d\u00e9cembre 2011 relatif \u00e0 la participation du personnel de l\u2019abattoir au contr\u00f4le de la production de viande de volailles et de lagomorphes<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"24\"><a href=\"#24'\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/info.agriculture.gouv.fr\/gedei\/site\/bo-agri\/instruction-2022-62\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instruction technique DGAL\/SDSSA\/2022-62 relative \u00e0 l\u2019organisation des contr\u00f4les officiels relatifs \u00e0 la protection animale en abattoir au moment de la mise \u00e0 mort et des op\u00e9ration annexes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"25\"><a href=\"#25'\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> R\u00e8glement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution (UE) 2019\/627 de la Commission du 15 mars 2019 \u00e9tablissant des modalit\u00e9s uniformes pour la r\u00e9alisation des contr\u00f4les officiels en ce qui concerne les produits d\u2019origine animale destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation humaine conform\u00e9ment au r\u00e8glement (UE) 2017\/625 du Parlement europ\u00e9en et du Conseil et modifiant le r\u00e8glement (CE) n\u00b0 2074\/2005 de la Commission en ce qui concerne les contr\u00f4les officiels (Texte pr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l\u2019EEE.)<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"26\"><a href=\"#26'\">[26]<\/a><\/sup> Agriculture.gouv.fr : <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/la-sante-au-travail-des-agents-de-letat-en-abattoir-une-approche-sociologique-analyse-ndeg133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">La sant\u00e9 au travail des agents de l\u2019\u00c9tat en abattoir : une approche sociologique \u2013 Analyse n\u00b0133<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/les-missions-des-services-de-letat-dans-les-abattoirs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Les missions des services de l\u2019Etat dans les abattoirs<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"27\"><a href=\"#27'\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editions-legislatives.fr\/actualite\/protection-animale-dans-les-abattoirs-d-animaux-de-boucherie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.editions-legislatives.fr\/actualite\/protection-animale-dans-les-abattoirs-d-animaux-de-boucherie\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/bilan-des-plans-de-controle-de-la-protection-des-animaux-realises-dans-les-abattoirs-en-2016-et\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/bilan-des-plans-de-controle-de-la-protection-des-animaux-realises-dans-les-abattoirs-en-2016-et<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"28\"><a href=\"#28'\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/medias.vie-publique.fr\/data_storage_s3\/rapport\/pdf\/074000668.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u00c9tat de sant\u00e9 des salari\u00e9s de la fili\u00e8re viande du r\u00e9gime agricole en Bretagne<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"29\"><a href=\"#29'\">[29]<\/a><\/sup> Conseil National de l\u2019Alimentation \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/cna_avis-82-comite-ethique-abattoirs6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">avis 82<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"30\"><a href=\"#30'\">[30]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/egalim-lancement-de-lexperimentation-du-controle-par-video-dans-les-abattoirs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agriculture.gouv.fr : Lance de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation du contr\u00f4le par vid\u00e9o dans les abattoirs<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"31\"><a href=\"#31'\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/comite-de-suivi-et-devaluation-de-lexperimentation-du-dispositif-de-controle-par-video-dans-les\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Comit\u00e9 de suivi et d\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation du dispositif de contr\u00f4le par vid\u00e9o dans les abattoirs tel que pr\u00e9vu par l\u2019article 71 de la loi du 30 octobre 2018<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"32\"><a href=\"#31'\">[32]<\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etiquettebienetreanimal.fr\/les-criteres-de-letiquette\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.etiquettebienetreanimal.fr\/les-criteres-de-letiquette\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"33\"><a href=\"#33'\">[33]<\/a><\/sup> LOI n\u00b0 2018-938 du 30 octobre 2018 pour l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des relations commerciales dans le secteur agricole et alimentaire et une alimentation saine, durable et accessible \u00e0 tous : article 67<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"34\"><a href=\"#34'\">[34]<\/a><\/sup> Question \u00e9crite au Senat n\u00b006095 \u2013 <a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/adeboyer\/AppData\/Local\/Microsoft\/Windows\/INetCache\/Content.Outlook\/VSX7W74J\/Insuffisance%20de%20la%20pr%C3%A9sence%20de%20v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaires%20le%20long%20de%20la%20cha%C3%AEne%20d'abattage\">Insuffisance de la pr\u00e9sence de v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires le long de la cha\u00eene d\u2019abattage <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fbdf613 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fbdf613\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5969dd elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e5969dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae041be elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ae041be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/23-10-Nothing-is-being-done-to-protect-animals-in-slaughterhouses-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">telecharger l'article pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef69549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef69549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48e5a1eb elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"48e5a1eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-hand-holding-heart\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In France, animals are protected, including in slaughterhouses<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-thumbs-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In French slaughterhouses, \"animal protection\" is the relevant terminology, not \"welfare\".<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-balance-scale\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Regulations call for appropriate equipment, trained personnel, daily checks and increased penalties in the event of violations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb20103 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4cb20103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ba0634e elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ba0634e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Figure<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b77724 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"26b77724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">240<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd84da8 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd84da8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is the number of <strong>slaughterhouses for meat animals<\/strong> (<em>pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and horses<\/em>) in France.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95ef5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"95ef5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a874327 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a874327\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b9fab6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"17b9fab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da16259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da16259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5034872f elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"5034872f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26838 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals especes-poultry media-infographics-en\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-laying-hens\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26840\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/vignette-fiche-espece-poule-pondeuse_ENG.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/all-about-laying-hens\/\">\n\t\t\t\tSpecies sheet &#8211; All about laying hens!\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-26725 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-attentes-societales-en tag-eleveurs-en tag-reglementation-en tag-relation-humain-animal-en themes-farm-animals themes-one-welfare-en especes-cows especes-pigs media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/animal-welfare-improvement-is-always-a-constraint-for-breeders-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-26947\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Image-couverture_ENG.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/animal-welfare-improvement-is-always-a-constraint-for-breeders-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tAnimal welfare improvement is always a constraint for breeders, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-12230 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-farm-animals themes-farming-101 especes-cows media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/only-bulls-have-horns-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/vignette-site-v.1_Plan-de-travail-1-e1665651917485-600x360.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-3982\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/vignette-site-v.1_Plan-de-travail-1-e1665651917485-600x360.png 600w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/vignette-site-v.1_Plan-de-travail-1-e1665651917485-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/vignette-site-v.1_Plan-de-travail-1-e1665651917485.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Farm animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/only-bulls-have-horns-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tOnly bulls have horns, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17827 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-5-freedoms tag-bientraitance-en tag-definitions-en tag-sensibility themes-animal-welfare media-articles-en\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/defining-animal-welfare\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-500x500.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-17981\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-260x260.png 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Comment-definir-le-bien-etre-animal-vignette-carre_ENG-01.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Animal welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/defining-animal-welfare\/\">\n\t\t\t\tDefining animal welfare\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to you, is something being done to protect animals in slaughterhouses? We tell you more!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":14933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"themes":[282,283],"especes":[],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-26071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","themes-farm-animals","themes-farming-101","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26071"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30006,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26071\/revisions\/30006"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26071"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=26071"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=26071"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=26071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}