{"id":11743,"date":"2022-07-07T12:06:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-07T10:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.ix-dev.eu\/a-purring-cat-is-a-happy-cat-true-or-false\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T10:18:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:18:06","slug":"a-purring-cat-is-a-happy-cat-true-or-false","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/a-purring-cat-is-a-happy-cat-true-or-false\/","title":{"rendered":"A purring cat is a happy cat, TRUE or FALSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11743\" class=\"elementor elementor-11743 elementor-3685\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f149f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"99f149f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ef2797 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25ef2797\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77d8bf15 elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77d8bf15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19b07657 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19b07657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-24001\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74f74b45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74f74b45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac6269e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac6269e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ad3bf8a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ad3bf8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-260x260.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-24001\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Illustration_sans_titre-4.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-211c2841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"211c2841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">NOT ALWAYS TRUE!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>A cat can purr for pleasure, for attention or food, or even for stress and pain!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c0df14e elementor-hidden-desktop e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c0df14e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e8cc1a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e8cc1a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e83e90 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7e83e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-heart\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Purring is a demonstration of pleasure and of a \"low level of excitement\"<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user-friends\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Purring also takes on an eminently social character <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-fish\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cat purrs in a specific way when asking for food from its owner<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-briefcase-medical\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Experts have listed purring as a possible sign of pain, although it's still rare <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ce44eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ce44eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cats are<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> very popular with the French<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: according to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I-CAD<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the organization in charge of managing the national identification file for domestic carnivores, <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7,231,498 cats were identified in France in 2022<\/span><\/b><sup><a id=\"1'\" href=\"#1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, versus <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6,686,814 in 2020<\/span><\/b><sup><a id=\"2'\" href=\"#2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64f04626 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64f04626\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8cef69 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8cef69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4c83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5f4c83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Meow.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11492\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Meow.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Meow-500x469.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Meow-768x720.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a07ea3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a07ea3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-735a6510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"735a6510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Households that have a cat know it: cats <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">know how to make themselves understood<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">! It has also been shown that an adult cat has <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">21 different vocalizations<\/span><\/b><sup id=\"3'\"><a href=\"#3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. It appears that the domestic cat is the feline with <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the most developed and complex vocal repertoire<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Cats are even <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">more vocal <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">than their wild counterpart, <\/span><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Felis silvestris libyca<\/span><\/i><\/b><sup id=\"4'\"><a href=\"#4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The reason for such a complex repertoire has not been clearly established: <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">did cats evolve <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the presence of humans to communicate more effectively<sup id=\"5'\"><a href=\"#5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">or <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is it the result of the domestication process <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that led humans to select the most <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pleasant <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">communicative <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cats<\/span><sup id=\"6'\"><a href=\"#6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f2499 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36f2499\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447a5fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"447a5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c020ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c020ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Purring is considered <\/span><strong>part of the <\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>cat&#8217;s vocal repertoire<\/strong><sup id=\"7'\"><a href=\"#7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It is <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a way for it to communicate <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with its congeners but also with humans. While purring has been described in the scientific literature as a demonstration of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pleasure <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and a <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201clow level of excitement\u201d<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"8'\"><a href=\"#8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>, it is now clear <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that this is not its only function<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f67ba37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f67ba37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a7570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46a7570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"699\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/illus_chat-ronronne_eng.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-11798\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e363ef7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e363ef7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1266a579 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1266a579\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3612c9d4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3612c9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2293f4fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"2293f4fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW225353043 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225353043 BCX2\">Felines <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225353043 BCX2\">aren't<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225353043 BCX2\"> the only animals that purr! Animals of the Viverridae family, which includes species such as mongooses, genets, civets, also have a purr <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW225353043 BCX2\">similar to<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225353043 BCX2\"> that of felines.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW225353043 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW225353043 BCX2\">There is also a tendency to use the term \u201cpurr\u201d for other species such as raccoons, although specialists believe that it is a slightly different purr from that of felines<a href=\"#9\">[9]<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5412c48c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5412c48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3964144b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3964144b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Purring, a search for contact<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2ccff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f2ccff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While cats may purr when alone and <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in a comfortable situation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, or when <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rubbing against objects<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"10'\"><a href=\"#10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>, purring also takes on an <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">eminently social character<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Indeed, it seems that purring occurs while <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">seeking and maintaining contact <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with congeners or with humans<\/span><sup id=\"11'\"><a href=\"#11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kittens know how to purr almost <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from birth<\/span><\/b><sup id=\"12'\"><a href=\"#12\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">and use it <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when suckling<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, which may <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">encourage <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">their mother to continue caring for them<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"13'\"><a href=\"#13\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>, but also send her the signal that <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;everything is fine&#8221;<\/span><\/b><sup id=\"14'\"><a href=\"#14\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a336cf4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a336cf4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8509b4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8509b4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c942f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4c942f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"537\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Love-768x537.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-11503\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Love-768x537.png 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Love-500x349.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Love.png 956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99e8bc2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99e8bc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613a18b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"613a18b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">A<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">dult cat<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> purr when <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">they<\/span> <\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">want to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">maintain<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> contact <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">with a congener<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"><sup id=\"15'\"><a href=\"#15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. In <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">this<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> case, the purpose of purring is to help <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">create and <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">maintain<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> a <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">close <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"><strong>relationship. <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">This<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">may<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> explain why <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW182346214 BCX2\">female <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW182346214 BCX2\">purrs<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\"> when she licks her kittens or when she <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">tries <strong>to court <\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW182346214 BCX2\">a male<\/span><\/span><\/strong><sup id=\"16'\"><a href=\"#16\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb48fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cb48fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">Some scientists also point to the fact that, during intra-specific interactions, purring <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">might<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\"> send a signal of appeasement<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">, the cat then <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">seeking<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\"> to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">show<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\"> that<strong> it <\/strong><\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\">is<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW176841176 BCX2\"> not a threat<\/span><\/span><\/strong><sup id=\"17'\"><a href=\"#17\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84336e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f84336e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fcffec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5fcffec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fba9902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fba9902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Concerning relationships with humans, it appears that cats purr <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when being petted or flattered vocally <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by a familiar person<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"18'\"><a href=\"#18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. A cat may also purr <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when its owner returns <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">after being away: the longer the separation, the more the cat then will purr<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"19'\"><a href=\"#19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. According to some researchers, this indicates that owners <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">have an important place <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the social environment of cats.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ea9633 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ea9633\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b194178 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b194178\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"937\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Carersse.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11505\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Carersse.png 874w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Carersse-427x500.png 427w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Carersse-768x900.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8579a61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8579a61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bbaa5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c1bbaa5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a29e6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"77a29e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-ampoule-blanche-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00ee056 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"00ee056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Did you know?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW251258075 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">We tend to think that cats are independent beings who feel <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">loosely attached<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\"> to human<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">. However, studies have <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">concluded<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\"> that there may be bonds between cat<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\"> and human<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">, even though there is no scientific consensus on the matter. A 2019 study <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">concluded<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\"> that cats <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\">exhibited<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251258075 BCX2\"> the same major \"attachment styles\" as humans and dogs<a href=\"#20\">[20]<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b51d97b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6b51d97b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd22bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2dd22bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A particular purr to ask for food <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c15fd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c15fd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57c63df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57c63df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce383da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ce383da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"794\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Pourquoi.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11507\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Pourquoi.png 794w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Pourquoi-388x500.png 388w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Pourquoi-768x990.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e289db5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e289db5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6957a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d6957a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It has been shown that cats can also purr <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when requesting food <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from humans<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"21'\"><a href=\"#21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. Purring gradually becomes <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">more pressing with an additional sound component, <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">making the request harder to ignore, and therefore more likely to be satisfied (which certainly tends to reinforce such behavior). Researchers also pointed out that this sound component has frequencies \u201c<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">comparable to the fundamental frequency of a child&#8217;s cry<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d. Finally, the same study also suggests that <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">owners know the difference <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">between normal purring and that associated with a request, which is considered <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">less pleasant and more pressing.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc63e30 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc63e30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32f3565c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32f3565c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24b95c64 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"24b95c64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a3f7ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"7a3f7ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">In short!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">C<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">at<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> purr<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> when they are<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">well <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">and feel<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> a <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">\"low degree of excitement\" <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">but also in the context of <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">cat\/<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">cat <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">and <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">cat\/<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">human interactions<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">Purring may<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> even <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">a way for <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">them <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">to <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">request<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> food <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">from <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">their<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> owner<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">P<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">urr<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">ing<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> is in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">this<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> last case <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">slightly different<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">, more <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">urgent<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\"> and less pleasant to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">the human ear<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW137116414 BCX2\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58c16c14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"58c16c14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1635a227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1635a227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Is purring a marker of pain and stress in cats? <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f32cc6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f32cc6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">C<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">an purring <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">occur<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\"> in <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">less pleasant <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">circumstances<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">? <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW192331478 BCX2\">First of all<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentHighlightPipeRest SCXW192331478 BCX2\">cats may purr <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">when<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\"> giving birth<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\"><strong>,<\/strong> between contraction<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW192331478 BCX2\">s<\/span><\/span><sup id=\"22'\"><a href=\"#22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b1facf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b1facf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86ee6e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"86ee6e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfbca12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfbca12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Furthermore, it has been observed in veterinary practice that cats sometimes purr in a context of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stress, pain or when they are close to death<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"23'\"><a href=\"#23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. While we have not found <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">large-scale scientific studies <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">supporting this, case studies do report such a phenomenon<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"24'\"><a href=\"#24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. Moreover, <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a consensus of experts <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has actually included purring <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">among the possible signals of suffering<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, although it is believed to be <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rare<\/span><\/b><sup id=\"25'\"><a href=\"#25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bda4e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7bda4e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dad70f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dad70f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fievre.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-11509\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fievre.png 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fievre-500x395.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fievre-768x607.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ad31811 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ad31811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The reasons for purring while in stress or pain <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are not entirely clear at this time<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Some see it as a way to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">request attention and care <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><sup id=\"26'\"><a href=\"#26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. Some also wonder about purring as a way of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">facilitating healing<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. As we sometimes hear about the benefits of \u201cpurr therapy\u201d on humans, scientists have wondered if purring could help an injured or sick cat <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to recover<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Although further research is needed on this subject, a 2001 study<\/span><sup id=\"27'\"><a href=\"#27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">showed that the cat&#8217;s purr corresponds to a frequency used in therapy to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">promote bone growth, fracture healing, pain relief, reduction of edema<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> or even <strong>dyspnea <\/strong><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">difficulty breathing).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3edea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe3edea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45bbdd2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45bbdd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd0554 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1cd0554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/picto-en-resume.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ec891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"d5ec891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">In short!<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">I<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW136654453 BCX2\">f<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> your cat purrs, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">it<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">may<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> certainly be in a state of <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">well-being<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">show <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">its<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> joy <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">to see you, but <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">it<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">may<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> also <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">ask<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">ing<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> for <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">attention<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> or <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">food \u2013 which<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">more likely! <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">However, although <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">this<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> is rare, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">it<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> can also be <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">in a state of stress <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">or<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> pain<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">. In <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">this<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> case,<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">only <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">careful observation <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW136654453 BCX2\">all of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> its behavior will allow you <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">determine<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> the reason <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">for its purring. If <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">it<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"> shows <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">symptoms of illness <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">(<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">diarrhea<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc.), <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">stops eating, seems listless, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">it may be time to visit <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">your favorite veterinarian!<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW136654453 BCX2\">\u202f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b2fabd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4b2fabd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-463cb3d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"463cb3d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In conclusion<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-650fa7e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"650fa7e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"dernie\u0300re illu_chat ronronne-eng\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTE3OTIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9jaGFpcmUtYmVhLnZldGFncm8tc3VwLmZyXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIyXC8wN1wvZGVybmllcmUtaWxsdV9jaGF0LXJvbnJvbm5lLWVuZy5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1784\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-11792\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng.png 1920w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng-500x465.png 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng-1102x1024.png 1102w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/derniere-illu_chat-ronronne-eng-768x714.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70f4b02c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"70f4b02c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e88e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14e88e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">For further details<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf69566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cf69566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can consult Anne-Claire Gagnon\u2019s book (2020) <em>Les chats, comment ils prennent soin de notre sant\u00e9<\/em>, Paris : Robert Laffont.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9dbfc2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7f9dbfc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aa2214b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"6aa2214b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">References<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1781\"><p><a href=\"#1'\"><sup id=\"1\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sni.i-cad.fr\/lechat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/sni.i-cad.fr\/lechat<\/a> Please note, this figure should be taken with caution because there are still many unidentified pet cats and it includes so-called &#8220;free&#8221; cats. That is to say, those &#8220;free&#8221; cat are identified by an association or a town hall and living off the street. Note that the identification of your cat is mandatory, otherwise you risk a fine of 750 euros. <a href=\"#1'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#2'\"><sup id=\"2\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-cad.fr\/uploads\/21.Population.Barometre.DEF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.i-cad.fr\/uploads\/21.Population.Barometre.DEF.pdf <\/a>. <a href=\"#2'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#3'\"><sup id=\"3\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> Tavernier C., Ahmed S., Houpt K. A., Yeon, S. C. (2020). Feline vocal communication. <em>Journal of veterinary science<\/em>, 21(1), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2020.21.e18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2020.21.e18<\/a>. <a href=\"#3'\">Retour <\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#4'\"><sup id=\"4\">[4]<\/sup><\/a> Tavernier et al. (2020) ; Bradshaw J., Casey R., Brown S. (2012). <em>The Behavior of the Domestic Cat<\/em>, 2<sup>e <\/sup>\u00e9d. Wallingford : CABI. <a href=\"#4'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#5'\"><sup id=\"5\">[5]<\/sup><\/a> Koyasu H., Kikusui T., Takagi S., Nagasawa M. (2020). The Gaze Communication Between Dogs\/Cats and Humans : Recent Research Review and Future Directions. <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.613512\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.613512<\/a>. <a href=\"#5'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#6'\"><sup id=\"6\">[6]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw et al. (2012). <a href=\"#6'\">Retour <\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#7'\"><sup id=\"7\">[7]<\/sup><\/a> Tavernier et al. (2020). <a href=\"#7'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#8'\"><sup id=\"8\">[8]<\/sup><\/a> Kiley-Worthington M. (1984). Animal language? Vocal communication of some ungulates, canids and felids. <em>Acta Zoologica Fennica<\/em>,171(83). <a href=\"#8'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#8'\"><sup id=\"9\">[9] <\/sup><\/a>Indeed, cats have been shown to purr during <strong>inhalation and exhalation,<\/strong> while raccoons seem to only \u201cpurr\u201d during<strong> exhalation<\/strong>: Peter G. (2002). Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals. <em>Mammal Revue<\/em>, 32(4), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2907.2002.00113.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2907.2002.00113.x<\/a>. <a href=\"#8'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#10'\"><sup id=\"10\">[10]<\/sup><\/a> Kiley-Worthington M. (1984). <a href=\"#10'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#11'\"><sup id=\"11\">[11]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw J., Brown S. (2013). \u201cCommunication in the Domestic Cat: Within and Between Species\u201d, in <em>The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behavior<\/em>, eds Turner D. et Bateson P., 3<sup>e<\/sup> ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"#11'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#12'\"><sup id=\"12\">[12]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw J. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#12'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#13'\"><sup id=\"13\">[13]<\/sup><\/a> Haskins R. (1977). Effect of kitten vocalizations on maternal behavior. <em>Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology<\/em>, 91(4), <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/h0077362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0077362<\/a>. <a href=\"#13'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#14'\"><sup id=\"14\">[14]<\/sup><\/a> Turner D., Bateson P. (2013). \u201cPostscript: Questions and Some Answers\u201d, in <em>The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behavior<\/em>, eds Turner D. et Bateson P., 3<sup>e<\/sup> ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ; Bradshaw J. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#14'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#15'\"><sup id=\"15\">[15]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw J. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#15'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#16'\"><sup id=\"16\">[16]<\/sup><\/a> Turner D. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#16'\">Retour <\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#17'\"><sup id=\"17\">[17]<\/sup><\/a> Tavernier et al. (2020); Sch\u00f6tz S., van de Weijeir J., Eklund R. (2017). \u201cPhonetic Characteristics of Domestic Cat Vocalisations\u201d, in <em>Proceedings of the 1<sup>st<\/sup> International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots<\/em>, <em>Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden, 25-26 August 2017<\/em>; Turner D. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#17'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#18'\"><sup id=\"18\">[18]<\/sup><\/a> Moelk M. (1944). Vocalizing in the House-Cat: A Phonetic and Functional Study. <em>The American Journal of Psychology<\/em>, 57 (2), <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.2307\/1416947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1416947<\/a>. <a href=\"#18'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#19'\"><sup id=\"19\">[19]<\/sup><\/a> Eriksson M., Keeling L. J., Rehn T. (2017). Cats and owners interact more with each other after a longer duration of separation. <em>PLoS One<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185599\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185599<\/a>. <a href=\"#19'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#19'\"><sup id=\"20\">[20]<\/sup><\/a> The attachment styles are: secure, insecure, ambivalent, avoiding, disorganized. The cited 2019 study and a 2007 study applied a <strong><em>\u201cStrange Situation Test<\/em><\/strong>\u201d to cats, a test initially used to evaluate the attachment security in humans but then applied to primates and then to dogs. The assessment of security is done by analyzing the behavior of individuals at the beginning and then at the return of the attachment person. Depending on the observed behavior, we define the attachment style of the individual (security, insecure, ambivalent, avoiding, disorganized). Note that while these two studies seem to agree on the fact that cats have similar attachment styles to those developed by humans, another study from 2015 directly questions the 2007 study and more generally doubts the applicability of the \u201cStrange Situation Test\u201d as such to cats <strong>without any methodological adjustments<\/strong>. By reviewing the methodology of the test so that it best applies to the ethological functioning of the cat, the scientists of the 2007 study would have shown that the <strong>cat would remain a fairly autonomous animal<\/strong>, who would not depend on others for a sense of security : Vitale K., Behnke A., Udelle M. (2019). Attachment bonds between domestic cats and humans. Current Biology, 29 (18), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2019.08.036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2019.08.036<\/a> ; Edwards C., Heiblum M., Tejeda A. (2007). Experimental evaluation of attachment behaviors in owned cats. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2(4), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2007.06.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jveb.2007.06.004<\/a> ; Domestic Potter A., Mills D. S. (2015). Cats (<em>Felis silvestris catus<\/em>) Do Not Show Signs of Secure Attachment to Their Owners. <em>PLoS ONE<\/em>, 10(9), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135109<\/a>. <a href=\"#19'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#21'\"><sup id=\"21\">[21]<\/sup><\/a> McComb K., Taylor A. M., Wilson C., Charlton B. D. (2009). The cry embedded within the purr. <em>Current Biology<\/em>, 19 (3), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2009.05.033\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2009.05.033<\/a>.<a href=\"#21'\"> Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#22'\"><sup id=\"22\">[22] <\/sup><\/a>Cooper J. B. (1944). A description of parturition in the domestic cat. <em>Journal of Comparative Psychology<\/em>, 37 (2), <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/h0060726\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0060726<\/a>. <a href=\"#22'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#23'\"><sup id=\"23\">[23]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw et al. (2012) ; Sch\u00f6tz S. et al. (2017) ; Rodan I. (2010). Understanding Feline Behavior and Application for Appropriate Handling and Management. <em>Topics in Companion Animal Medicine<\/em>, 25(4), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2010.09.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2010.09.001<\/a>.<a href=\"#23'\"> Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#24'\"><sup id=\"24\">[24]<\/sup><\/a> Cook T. F. (1973). The relief of dyspnoea in cats by purring. <em>New Zealand Veterinary Journal<\/em>, 21(3), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00480169.1973.34076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00480169.1973.34076<\/a>. <a href=\"#24'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#25'\"><sup id=\"25\">[25] <\/sup><\/a>Merola I., Mills D. (2016). Behavioural Signs of Pain in Cats: An Expert Consensus. <em>PLoS ONE<\/em>, 11(2), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150040\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150040<\/a>. <a href=\"#25'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#26'\"><sup id=\"26\">[26]<\/sup><\/a> Bradshaw J. et al. (2013). <a href=\"#26'\">Retour<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#27'\"><sup id=\"27\">[27]<\/sup><\/a> Von Muggenthaler E. (2001). The Felid Purr: A Healing Mechanism? The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4777098\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4777098<\/a>. <a href=\"#27'\">Retour<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62775186 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62775186\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6277d741 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6277d741\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b248f5b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b248f5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/22-07-A-purring-cat-is-a-happy-cat-TRUE-or-FALSE.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">download  pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c147940 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c147940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">keep in mind<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b076ad9 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6b076ad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-heart\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Purring is a demonstration of pleasure and of a \"low level of excitement\"<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user-friends\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Purring also takes on an eminently social character<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-fish\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Cat purrs in a specific way when asking for food from its owner<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-briefcase-medical\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Experts have listed purring as a possible sign of pain, although it's still rare<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70949da elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"70949da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c6057c elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13c6057c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KEY FIGURE<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185f2afc elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"185f2afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">21<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f6e149 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18f6e149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ewa-rteLine\">That&#8217;s how <strong>many different vocalizations<\/strong> an adult domestic cat has<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3425dda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3425dda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f5404ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f5404ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31192267 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"31192267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35b4e336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"35b4e336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe4bf7f elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"4fe4bf7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:30,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-17706 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-interviews themes-other-animals media-videos-en\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-18377\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vignettes-1080x1080-ENG.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Other animals<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/urban-animal-welfare\/\">\n\t\t\t\tUrban animal welfare\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9740 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news themes-animal-welfare media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-11174\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/idee-recue-animaux-besoins-02.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Animal welfare<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/welfare-is-common-to-all-animals-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tWelfare is common to all animals, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-10368 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news tag-pets themes-pets especes-cats media-popular-beliefs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/cats-can-drink-cows-milk-true-or-false\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14-500x500.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-10606\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14-260x260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Illustration_sans_titre-14.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Pets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/cats-can-drink-cows-milk-true-or-false\/\">\n\t\t\t\tCats can drink cow&#8217;s milk, TRUE or FALSE?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you think a purring cat is a happy cat? We answer!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":24001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[248],"tags":[],"themes":[299],"especes":[306],"media":[320],"class_list":["post-11743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","themes-pets","especes-cats","media-popular-beliefs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11743"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30409,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11743\/revisions\/30409"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11743"},{"taxonomy":"themes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/themes?post=11743"},{"taxonomy":"especes","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/especes?post=11743"},{"taxonomy":"media","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?post=11743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}